The need for sleep goes far beyond simply replenishing our energy levels every 12 hours. Our brains actually change states when we sleep to clear away the toxic byproducts of neural activity left behind during the day.
人們對(duì)睡眠的需求不僅僅是為了每12個(gè)小時(shí)補(bǔ)充一下體力。實(shí)際上，我們睡覺(jué)的時(shí)候，大腦會(huì)改變狀態(tài)，清除白天神經(jīng)活動(dòng)留下的有毒副產(chǎn)物。

Weirdly enough, the same process starts to occur in brains that are chronically sleep-deprived too - except it's kicked into hyperdrive.
奇怪的是，長(zhǎng)期睡眠不足，大腦內(nèi)也會(huì)進(jìn)行這樣的程序，只是它會(huì)進(jìn)入過(guò)度清除狀態(tài)。

Researchers have found that persistently poor sleep causes the brain to clear a significant amount of neurons and synaptic connections, and recovering sleep might not be able to reverse the damage.
研究人員發(fā)現(xiàn)，長(zhǎng)期睡眠不足會(huì)使大腦清除大量神經(jīng)元和突觸連接，而且恢復(fù)睡眠也許并不能徹底修復(fù)損傷。

A team led by neuroscientist Michele Bellesi from the Marche Polytechnic University in Italy examined the mammalian brain's response to poor sleeping habits, and found a bizarre similarity between the well-rested and sleepless mice.
意大利馬爾理工大學(xué)神經(jīng)科學(xué)家米歇爾·貝蕾西帶領(lǐng)的團(tuán)隊(duì)研究了哺乳動(dòng)物的大腦對(duì)睡眠不足的反應(yīng)，他們發(fā)現(xiàn)休息時(shí)間充足的小鼠與睡眠不足的小鼠之間有古怪的相似性。

Like the cells elsewhere in your body, the neurons in your brain are being constantly refreshed by two different types of glial cell - support cells that are often called the glue of the nervous system.
就像你身體其他部位的細(xì)胞一樣，你大腦里的神經(jīng)元也在不斷被兩種不同的神經(jīng)膠質(zhì)細(xì)胞所更新，這些支持細(xì)胞經(jīng)常被稱為神經(jīng)系統(tǒng)的粘合劑。

The microglial cells are responsible for clearing out old and worn out cells via a process called phagocytosis - meaning "to devour" in Greek.
這種微神經(jīng)膠質(zhì)細(xì)胞通過(guò)一個(gè)被稱為吞噬現(xiàn)象（phagocytosis在希臘語(yǔ)中是“吞噬”的意思）的過(guò)程來(lái)清除老細(xì)胞和衰竭的細(xì)胞。

The astrocytes' job is to prune unnecessary synapses (connections) in the brain to refresh and reshape its wiring.
星型膠質(zhì)細(xì)胞的作用是清除大腦中不必要的突觸（連接）來(lái)恢復(fù)并重塑它的神經(jīng)網(wǎng)絡(luò)。

We've known that this process occurs when we sleep to clear away the neurological wear and tear of the day, but now it appears that the same thing happens when we start to lose sleep.
我們知道，這個(gè)程序在我們睡覺(jué)的時(shí)候進(jìn)行，以清除神經(jīng)系統(tǒng)白天的損耗，但目前似乎我們睡眠不足的時(shí)候也會(huì)進(jìn)行相同的程序。

But rather than being a good thing, the brain goes overboard with the clearing, and starts to harm itself instead.
然而，這并不是什么好事，大腦會(huì)過(guò)度清除細(xì)胞，而且開(kāi)始傷害自己。

Think of it like the garbage being cleared out while you're asleep, versus someone coming into your house after several sleepless nights and indiscriminately tossing out your television, fridge, and family dog.
想一想，這就像你睡覺(jué)的時(shí)候垃圾桶被清空了，而在你失眠了幾個(gè)晚上之后，有人來(lái)到你家里，恣意地扔掉了你的電視、冰箱和家里養(yǎng)的小狗。

?

（翻譯：Dlacus）