Bill Gates, philanthropist and cofounder of Microsoft, has kept up hisreading and book reviewing. Today he released an annotated?list of his favorite books from 2016.
比爾蓋茨是慈善家也是微軟的合作創(chuàng)始人之一，一直堅(jiān)持閱讀和作書評(píng)。今天他發(fā)布了一份自己作了注解的書單，列出了2016年來(lái)他最愛的書。

1. String Theory, by David Foster Wallace
1.戴維·福斯特·華萊士《弦理論》

Gates jokes that the late writer’s collection of essays “will make you look super smart”on a train or plane, as you’ll appear to be reading about physics, even when you’re reading about tennis. Writes Gates:
蓋茨笑稱，這位已故作者的散文集會(huì)讓你在火車或者飛機(jī)上“看起來(lái)超級(jí)聰慧”，因?yàn)槟憧瓷先ナ窃谧x物理，即便你其實(shí)讀的是網(wǎng)球。蓋茨寫道：

As much as I loved the book for its insights on the game, I loved it just as much for the writing itself. I now understand why people talk about David Foster Wallace with the same kind of awe that tennis fans use to talk about a Roger Federer or Serena Williams.
盡管我喜歡這本書里有關(guān)這一運(yùn)動(dòng)的洞見，我同樣喜歡這本書本身的寫作方式。我現(xiàn)在理解緣何人們談起戴維·福斯特·華萊士時(shí)流露出景仰之情和網(wǎng)球粉絲談?wù)撈鹆_杰·費(fèi)德勒、塞雷娜·威廉姆斯時(shí)如出一轍。

Wallace’s ability to use language is mind-blowing. He’s an artist who approaches a canvas with the exact same oil paints everyone before him has used and then applies them in breathtaking new and creative ways.
華萊士的語(yǔ)言駕馭能力令人腦洞大開。他是名藝術(shù)家，他在帆布上和前人用同樣的油料，然后用煥然一新又極富創(chuàng)意的手法展現(xiàn)出來(lái)，攝人心魄。

2. Shoe Dog, by Phil Knight
2. 菲爾·奈特《愛鞋者》

Phil Knight recalls how, newly out of business school, he borrowed $50 from his father to start the company that would become Nike. It’s an “honest reminder” of the messiness and mistakes required for success in business, Gates says, praising Knight for his vulnerability and frankness:
菲爾·奈特回憶道，剛從商校畢業(yè)時(shí)，他向父親借了50美元開了家“會(huì)成為耐克”的公司。這懇切地提醒人們，生意要成功不可避免會(huì)有錯(cuò)誤和混亂，蓋茨如是道，一邊贊揚(yáng)奈特的脆弱與真誠(chéng)：

…Knight opens up in a way few CEOs are willing to do. He’s incredibly tough on himself and his failings. He doesn’t fit the mold of the bold, dashing　entrepreneur. He’s shy, introverted, and often insecure. He’s given to nervous ticks –snapping rubber bands on his wrist and hugging himself when stressed in business negotiations.
...奈特開辟的道路很少有CEO愿意去走。他出奇地堅(jiān)韌，無(wú)論是對(duì)待自己還是對(duì)待失敗。他不是大膽莽撞的創(chuàng)業(yè)人士。他害羞、內(nèi)向，常常沒有安全感。他神經(jīng)容易緊張，會(huì)彈彈手腕上的橡皮筋，商業(yè)談判壓力大的時(shí)候就抱緊自己。

3. The Myth of the Strong Leader, by Archie Brown
3.艾奇·布朗《有力領(lǐng)導(dǎo)的神話》

Political scientist Archie Brown challenges the idea that those with the most dominant ways of speaking make good leaders, and puts forth an argument for cooperative figures of power. Writes Gates, “Brown could not have predicted how resonant his book would become in 2016.”He says:
說話占主導(dǎo)者能成為好領(lǐng)導(dǎo)，而政治科學(xué)家艾奇·布朗對(duì)此觀點(diǎn)頗有微詞，為合作型人物提出論辯。蓋茨寫道，“布朗不曾料想到這本書在2016年要引起多大的共鳴?！彼溃?/div>

Whereas most books about political leadership are chronologies, mapping the rise and fall of leaders over time, this one is more of a taxonomy. Brown takes a deep look at the traits and tendencies leaders exhibit, and the categories they fall into, as a way of understanding the egos, motivations, and behaviors responsible for so much progress, and so much suffering, in the world.
而多數(shù)有關(guān)政治領(lǐng)導(dǎo)力的書籍都是按年份編纂的，記錄歷任領(lǐng)導(dǎo)的起起落落，這本書更多是分門別類。世上進(jìn)步發(fā)展與苦難良多，布朗深入觀察了領(lǐng)導(dǎo)展現(xiàn)出的特質(zhì)、傾向、及所屬類別，視其為理解自我、動(dòng)機(jī)和行為的方式。

Throughout, he presents a new way to think about today’s challenges –and the people we entrust with solving them.
通篇，他呈現(xiàn)了一種新方式來(lái)思考當(dāng)今挑戰(zhàn)和我們委以信任解決問題的人們。

4. The Gene: An Intimate History, by Siddhartha Mukherjee
4. 悉達(dá)多·慕克吉《基因：一個(gè)親密的歷史》

New genome-editing tools are technologically incredible and ethically flummoxing. Gates turns to oncologist Siddhartha Mukherjee’s book for a guide to the context of the gene. He writes of his favorite section, “Post-Genome: The Genetics of Fate and Future”:
新基因編輯工具在技術(shù)層面不可思議，在道德層面令人困惑。蓋茨轉(zhuǎn)向腫瘤學(xué)家悉達(dá)多·慕克吉的書尋求基因背景下的向?qū)АＫ摷白约鹤類鄣牟糠帧昂蠡颍哼z傳學(xué)的命運(yùn)與未來(lái)”。

Within 10 years, it will be possible for clinicians to use genome editing to help people with diseases caused by a single faulty gene, such as cystic fibrosis—an unquestionably ethical use of this new technology.
十年之內(nèi)，臨床醫(yī)師有望運(yùn)用基因編輯來(lái)幫助由基因缺陷而發(fā)病的患者；譬如，囊腫性纖維化則毫無(wú)疑問是這一新技術(shù)的倫理應(yīng)用。

But what about making the repair in egg or sperm cells to save people from developing these diseases later in life?This form of therapy could be highly effective, but it would mean that children born from these sperm or eggs would pass along their genetically modified genomes to their own children—altering the human germ line and crossing an ethical Rubicon.
那么何不修復(fù)卵子或鏡子細(xì)胞以拯救以后得這些病的人們呢？這一診療可能超具效用，但可能意味著因這些精子或卵子而生的孩童或?qū)⑵滢D(zhuǎn)基因遺傳給其子嗣，改變?nèi)祟惙N系，引發(fā)道德倫理背水一戰(zhàn)。

5. The Grid: The Fraying Wires Between Americans and Our Energy Future by Gretchen Bakke
5. 格雷琴·巴克《網(wǎng)格：美國(guó)人的磨損電線的和我們的能源未來(lái)》

Cultural anthropologist Gretchen Bakke reimagines the US’s electrical grid for contemporary values and with new energy sources in mind. Writes Gates:
文化人類學(xué)者格雷琴·巴克重新整合了美國(guó)電網(wǎng)的當(dāng)今價(jià)值、思考了新能源來(lái)源。蓋茨寫道：

Even if you have never given a moment’s thought to how electricity reaches your outlets, I think this book would convince you that the electrical grid is one of the greatest engineering wonders of the modern world.I think you would also come to see why modernizing the grid is so complex and so critical for building our clean-energy future.
即便你從未有過一刻來(lái)思考電是如何到達(dá)你家商鋪的，我認(rèn)為這本書能讓你相信電網(wǎng)是現(xiàn)代世界最偉大的工程奇跡之一。我相信你也會(huì)意識(shí)到緣何電網(wǎng)現(xiàn)代化是如此復(fù)雜，而打造未來(lái)潔凈能源又是何等重要。

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