如何在90天內(nèi)學(xué)會(huì)一門(mén)語(yǔ)言?
作者:raystar 譯
來(lái)源:zenhabits
2022-11-03 19:13
The 90 Day Plan to Learning a Language
學(xué)會(huì)一門(mén)語(yǔ)言的90天計(jì)劃
It’s possible to achieve fluency, or at least a high speaking level, in just 90 days, but it requires intense focus.
在90天內(nèi)達(dá)到流利、至少是較高的口語(yǔ)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)是可能的,但是要求高度集中的練習(xí)。
If you don’t have the freedom to focus fulltime on learning a language, that’s okay, but the process will take longer than 90 days. Just make sure that you continue to practice every day, or else you’ll lose your knowledge rapidly.
如果你可以自由支配的時(shí)間還不允許你完全專注于學(xué)習(xí)一門(mén)語(yǔ)言,也沒(méi)關(guān)系,但學(xué)習(xí)過(guò)程會(huì)長(zhǎng)于90天。你只需要保證每天都持續(xù)練習(xí),否則你會(huì)很快忘記你所學(xué)的內(nèi)容。
Days 1-30
第1-30天
The first thirty days are critical to learning a new language. You need to immerse yourself as fully as possible.
最初的30天對(duì)于學(xué)習(xí)一門(mén)新的語(yǔ)言非常關(guān)鍵。你需要盡可能地完全投入到學(xué)習(xí)中去。
I highly recommend moving to a country where the language is spoken if you want to learn a language in 90 days. This will help you get into the language learning mindset, and will allow you to surround yourself with the new language. If you are able to move to a new country, try to live with a host family. You’ll learn a lot by eating meals with a family that hosts you.
如果你想在90天內(nèi)學(xué)會(huì)一門(mén)語(yǔ)言,我強(qiáng)烈建議你搬去說(shuō)那個(gè)語(yǔ)言的國(guó)家。這會(huì)有助于你進(jìn)入語(yǔ)言學(xué)習(xí)的狀態(tài),讓你被這門(mén)新的語(yǔ)言所包圍。如果你能搬去一個(gè)新的國(guó)家,試著住進(jìn)一個(gè)寄宿家庭。你和這家人一起吃飯時(shí)就可以學(xué)到很多。
In any case, during the first month, work one on one with a private tutor—not group classes. Group classes allow you to sit back and be lazy, while a private tutor forces you to learn.
無(wú)論如何,在第一個(gè)月,和私人教師一起一步步學(xué)習(xí),不要去集體課堂。集體課堂會(huì)讓你坐在后排偷懶,而私人教師會(huì)強(qiáng)迫你學(xué)習(xí)。
This is important: you must be an active learner. Most people allow themselves to be taught to, but you have to take an active role in asking questions.
還有一點(diǎn)很重要:你必須做一個(gè)積極的學(xué)習(xí)者。大多數(shù)人在被動(dòng)接受,而你必須提出問(wèn)題,扮演主動(dòng)的角色。
You’re going to start encountering a lot of words and phrases that you don’t know, both with your private tutor, and when you practice languages on your own. Enter these words in your memorization software.
在和私人教師學(xué)習(xí)或者自己練習(xí)的時(shí)候,你都會(huì)開(kāi)始遇到很多不認(rèn)識(shí)的單詞和詞組。把這些詞匯輸入你的記憶軟件。
You want to start memorizing 30 words and phrases per day. Why 30? Because in 90 days, you’ll have learned 80% of the language.
你可以開(kāi)始嘗試每天記憶30個(gè)單詞和詞組。為什么是30個(gè)呢?因?yàn)樵?0天內(nèi),你將會(huì)掌握這門(mén)語(yǔ)言的80%。
As you can see, you need to learn around 3000 to hit 80% of the words … probably enough before you can start learning words easily by context. At 30 words/day, you’ll have learned almost 3000 in 90 days.
想要學(xué)會(huì)一門(mén)語(yǔ)言,你需要學(xué)習(xí)大約3000個(gè)單詞來(lái)掌握80%的詞匯,這應(yīng)該已經(jīng)足夠讓你可以根據(jù)上下文就容易地猜出詞義了。保持每天30個(gè)詞的速度,90天內(nèi)你差不多可以記住3000個(gè)詞。
Days 31-60
第31-60天
After your first month, it’s time to focus on exposing yourself to the language as much as possible. After a month of private tutoring, you’ll have the ability to have basic conversations.
第一個(gè)月結(jié)束后,應(yīng)該盡可能地讓自己專注于使用這門(mén)語(yǔ)言。一個(gè)月的私人教學(xué)后,你應(yīng)該具備進(jìn)行基礎(chǔ)會(huì)話的能力。
If your private tutor is getting expensive, you might consider doing advanced group classes at this point—it’ll save you money and give you access to other friends who are learning the language. Just be careful of speaking only in English. Try to make it a rule to speak in the new language as much as possible. Continue with your private tutor, if possible.
如果請(qǐng)私人教師的費(fèi)用太高,你也許可以考慮參加高級(jí)教學(xué)班。這可以幫你省錢(qián),也讓你有機(jī)會(huì)認(rèn)識(shí)和你一樣在學(xué)習(xí)這門(mén)語(yǔ)言的人。不過(guò)要注意,不要只用母語(yǔ)溝通。試著定一條規(guī)矩,盡可能地只用這門(mén)新的語(yǔ)言說(shuō)話。如果可能的話繼續(xù)聘請(qǐng)私人教師。
Now is the time to start finding language partners. Attempt to spend a few hours everyday practicing your language. At this point, because you have a basic grasp of the language, it shouldn’t be a chore—you are basically spending time socializing with new friends.
此時(shí)可以開(kāi)始找語(yǔ)言學(xué)習(xí)搭檔了。試著每天花幾個(gè)小時(shí)練習(xí)這門(mén)語(yǔ)言。因?yàn)槟阋呀?jīng)掌握了這門(mén)語(yǔ)言的基礎(chǔ),應(yīng)該不會(huì)覺(jué)得太困難,你可以花一些時(shí)間和新朋友進(jìn)行基本的社交。
Try reading simple books in your target language and underlining words that you don’t know. You can add these to your memorization app.
試著讀一些用該門(mén)語(yǔ)言寫(xiě)成的簡(jiǎn)單的書(shū),把不懂的詞劃出來(lái),然后添加到你的記憶應(yīng)用程序里去。
You should start trying to think in the new language. Every time you try to express a thought to yourself, but can’t remember the word, write it down in your memorization software. Continue learning 30 words and phrases per day.
你應(yīng)該試著開(kāi)始用這門(mén)新的語(yǔ)言進(jìn)行思考。每當(dāng)你試著自我表達(dá)一種想法,卻不記得某個(gè)單詞時(shí),把這個(gè)詞添加到記憶軟件里。繼續(xù)保持每天學(xué)習(xí)30個(gè)單詞和詞組。
Days 61-90
第61-90天
By day 60, you should be in a good position to speak the language. You just simply need to keep practicing. Have deeper conversations with your language partners. Try to go out with them as much as possible—I’ve even found that a moderate amount of alcohol helps significantly with language practice.
到了第60天,你的口語(yǔ)應(yīng)該不錯(cuò)了。你只是需要保持練習(xí)。和你的搭檔進(jìn)行一些更深入的對(duì)話。盡可能多和他們外出,我甚至發(fā)現(xiàn)適量飲酒對(duì)語(yǔ)言練習(xí)有明顯的幫助。
Continue studying 30 words a day and practicing the ones you’ve already learned, and you’ll be approaching the 3000 word mark—enough to speak a language close to fluently.
繼續(xù)每天學(xué)習(xí)30個(gè)單詞,練習(xí)那些你已經(jīng)學(xué)過(guò)的,你已經(jīng)接近3000大關(guān),這已經(jīng)足夠讓你近乎流利地用這門(mén)語(yǔ)言說(shuō)話了。
By now, you can start watching TV and reading books in your target language. Rent some DVDs in the foreign language and try to follow along. If you need to, turn on the subtitles. Don’t worry if you have trouble, because understanding film is a lot more difficult than having a one-on-one conversation.
現(xiàn)在你可以開(kāi)始用這門(mén)語(yǔ)言看電視和讀書(shū)。借一些外語(yǔ)的DVD試著跟上它的節(jié)奏。如果需要,可以打開(kāi)字幕。如果理解有困難也別灰心,因?yàn)榭炊徊侩娪氨让鎸?duì)面的對(duì)話要難多了。
Keep on working on the language for several hours per day, and by the end of the month, you’ll find that you have a good grasp on the language. It’s pretty amazing what you can do in just 90 days with intense focus.
保持每天花幾個(gè)小時(shí)使用這門(mén)語(yǔ)言,到這個(gè)月底,你會(huì)發(fā)現(xiàn)已經(jīng)很好地掌握了它。保持高度集中,你可以在短短90天內(nèi)做到如此不可思議的事情。
Conclusion
總結(jié)
Congratulations! You’ve done it–you’ve learned a language in just 90 days. The best part is that you’ll find it much faster to learn your next language. You’ve done the hard part–learning how to learn a language.
恭喜你!你做到了!你在短短90天內(nèi)學(xué)會(huì)了一門(mén)語(yǔ)言。最棒的是你會(huì)發(fā)現(xiàn)學(xué)習(xí)下一門(mén)語(yǔ)言時(shí)會(huì)更快。你已經(jīng)完成了最難的部分,那就是學(xué)會(huì)如何學(xué)習(xí)一門(mén)語(yǔ)言。
You’ve unlocked a new skill. Language learning is about building a new habit—the habit of thinking and speaking in a new language. And once you perfect a single language, you’ve laid the foundation for doing even more.
你已經(jīng)掌握了一門(mén)新的技術(shù)。語(yǔ)言學(xué)習(xí)就是建立一種新的習(xí)慣,一種用一門(mén)新的語(yǔ)言思考和說(shuō)話的習(xí)慣。一旦你完美掌握了一門(mén)語(yǔ)言,你已經(jīng)為學(xué)習(xí)更多的語(yǔ)言打下了基礎(chǔ)。
Imagine, the next time you meet a waiter or tourist from Italy or Mexico or Greece, you could start talking, tell a joke, and—if you can remember the punchline in time—get to experience the elation of making someone laugh in their own language.
想象一下,下次當(dāng)你遇見(jiàn)一個(gè)來(lái)自意大利或者墨西哥或者希臘的服務(wù)生或者游客,你可以和他聊天,講笑話(如果你能及時(shí)想得起那個(gè)笑料的話),然后體會(huì)一下用別人的母語(yǔ)逗他們大笑的那種得意勁吧。
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