語法點(diǎn)分析:主動代替被動
一、主動形式被動含義的謂語動詞
Sell/ read/ write/ wash/ clean/ draw/ burn/ cook/ photograph/ break/ catch/ clean/ drive,當(dāng)它們被用 作不及物動詞來描述主語特征時,常用其主動形式表達(dá)被動意義,主語通常是物,后面跟副詞well/easily等,用來說明主語的某種特性或品質(zhì)是好還是壞。
The girl doesn't photograph well, so she was sorted out of the group.
這女孩不上鏡,所以被刷下了。
This ball pen writes smoothly.
這圓珠筆寫起來很流暢。
That discursive essay doesn't translate well.
這篇散文不好翻譯。
注意:主動語態(tài)表被動強(qiáng)調(diào)的是主語的特征,而被動語態(tài)則強(qiáng)調(diào)外界作用造成的影響。
試比較:The door won't lock.
(指門本身毛病)
The door won't be locked.
(指不會有人來鎖門,指“門沒有鎖”是人的原因)
二、連系動詞表被動含義
smell/taste/sound/feel/prove
e.g.£ 50 sounds right.
Working from home proved a real advantage after my son was born.
三、表示“發(fā)生、進(jìn)行”的不及物動詞和短語
如:happen、last、take place、break out、come out、come about、come true、run out、give out(耗盡,筋疲力盡,某部分出毛病),turn out等以主動形式表示被動意義。
e. g. How do the newspapers come out?
這些報(bào)紙是如何出版的呢?
I am so frightened that my legs give out and I reach for the railing.
另外,還有consist of
e. g. Bolognaise sauce consists of minced beef、onion、tomatoes、garlic and seasoning.
博洛尼亞肉醬是用碎牛肉、洋蔥、西紅柿、大蒜和佐料做的。