一．Analysis of Issue Questions

2、“It is unrealistic to expect individual nations to make, independently, the sacrifices necessary to conserve energy. International leadership and worldwide cooperation are essential if we expect to protect the world’s energy resources for future generations.”

3、“Corporations and other businesses should try to eliminate the many ranks and salary grades that classify employees according to their experience and expertise. A ‘flat’ organizational structure is more likely to encourage collegiality and cooperation among employees.”

9、“Employees should keep their private lives and personal activities as separate as possible from the workplace.”

11、“When someone achieves greatness in any field — such as the arts, science, politics, or business — that person’s achievements are more important than any of his or her personal faults.”

12、“Education has become the main provider of individual opportunity in our society. Just as property and money once were the keys to success, education has now become the element that most ensures success in life.”

13、“Responsibility for preserving the natural environment ultimately belongs to each individual person, not to government.”

16、“Public buildings reveal much about the attitudes and values of the society that builds them. Today’s new schools, courthouses, airports, and libraries, for example, reflect the attitudes and values of today’s society.”

18、“If the primary duty and concern of a corporation is to make money, then conflict is inevitable when the corporation must also acknowledge a duty to serve society.”

21、“Job security and salary should be based on employee performance, not on years of service. Rewarding employees primarily for years of service discourages people from maintaining consistently high levels of productivity.”

24、“A powerful business leader has far more opportunity to influence the course of a community or a nation than does any government official.”

25、“The best strategy for managing a business, or any enterprise, is to find the most capable people and give them as much authority as possible.”

29、“Too many people think only about getting results. The key to success, however, is to focus on the specific task at hand and not to worry about results.”

31、“Financial gain should be the most important factor in choosing a career.”

32、“You can tell the ideas of a nation by its advertisements.”

34、“All citizens should be required to perform a specified amount of public service. Such service would benefit not only the country as a whole but also the individual participants.”

36、“Businesses and other organizations have overemphasized the importance of working as a team. Clearly, in any human group, it is the strong individual, the person with the most commitment and energy, who gets things done.”

37、“Since science and technology are becoming more and more essential to modern society, schools should devote more time to teaching science and technology and less to teaching the arts and humanities.”

38、“Courtesy is rapidly disappearing from everyday interactions, and as a result, we are all the poorer for it.”

39、“It is difficult for people to achieve professional success without sacrificing important aspects of a fulfilling personal life.”

40、“With the increasing emphasis on a global economy and international cooperation, people need to understand that their role as citizens of the world is more important than their role as citizens of a particular country.”

45、“The most effective way for a businessperson to maximize profits over a long period of time is to follow the highest standards of ethics.”

46、“Businesses are as likely as are governments to establish large bureaucracies, but bureaucracy is far more damaging to a business than it is to a government.”

57、“Everywhere, it seems, there are clear and positive signs that people are becoming more respectful of one another’s differences.”

60、“Employers should have no right to obtain information about their employees’ health or other aspects of their personal lives without the employees’permission.”

62、“What education fails to teach us is to see the human community as one. Rather than focus on the unique differences that separate one nation from another, education should focus on the similarities among all people and places on Earth.”

65、“The rise of multinational corporations is leading to global homogeneity*. Because people everywhere are beginning to want the same products and services, regional differences are rapidly disappearing.”

68、“Since the physical work environment affects employee productivity and morale, the employees themselves should have the right to decide how their workplace is designed.”

72、“Companies should not try to improve employees’ performance by giving incentives — for example, awards or gifts. These incentives encourage negative kinds of behavior instead of encouraging a genuine interest in doing the work well.”

75、“There are essentially two forces that motivate people: self-interest and fear.”

78、“Most people would agree that buildings represent a valuable record of any society’s past, but controversy arises when old buildings stand on ground that modern planners feel could be better used for modern purposes.”

81、“No one can possibly achieve any real and lasting success or ‘get rich’ in business by conforming to conventional practices or ways of thinking.”

87、“As technologies and the demand for certain services change, many workers will lose their jobs. The responsibility for those people to adjust to such change should belong to the individual worker, not to government or to business.”

107、“The most effective way for managers to assign work is to divide complex tasks into their simpler component parts. This way, each worker completes a small portion of the task but contributes to the whole.”

109、“Employees should not have full access to their own personnel files. If, for example, employees were allowed to see certain confidential materials, the people supplying that information would not be likely to express their opinions candidly.”

111、“The most effective business leaders are those who maintain the highest ethical standards.”

112、“Because of recent advancements in business and technology, the overall quality of life in most societies has never been better than at the present time.”

129、“Instead of relying on the advice of outside experts, organizations should place greater value on the advice that can come only from their own highly experienced employees.”

130、“When judging the qualifications of potential employees, business employers should rely primarily on objective information, such as a candidate’s résumé and education. Personal interviews are much too subjective and are therefore not a valid basis on which to judge a person’s qualifications for a job.”

131、“We can learn more about a society by observing how its people spend their leisure time than by observing them at work.”

132、“Governments should not be responsible for regulating businesses and other organizations. Instead, society would benefit if the organizations themselves assumed responsibility for establishing and enforcing their own standards and regulations.”