詼諧的語(yǔ)言，生動(dòng)的內(nèi)容一分鐘快速掌握科技最新動(dòng)態(tài)

Birds Show Price Humans Pay for Good Clotting

They say what doesn’t kill you makes you stronger. But sometimes what makes you stronger can kill you, at least when it comes to blood clotting. Because the stickiness that allow platelets to heal your wounds also raises your risk of heart attack.
人們總說(shuō)殺不死你的，能讓你更強(qiáng)大。但有時(shí)候，你卻可能死于一些令你強(qiáng)大的因素。至少就血液凝固這一人類(lèi)優(yōu)勢(shì)來(lái)說(shuō)，能證實(shí)這一觀點(diǎn)。因?yàn)檎吵淼难“宀坏苡衔覀內(nèi)祟?lèi)的創(chuàng)傷，同時(shí)也會(huì)增加我們患心臟病的危險(xiǎn)。

All mammals use platelets to help prevent blood loss after traumatic injury. But birds don’t have ‘em, nor do reptiles or fish. Instead, these critters have blood cells called thrombocytes, which are about twice the size of platelets. But is bigger necessarily better when it comes to clotting? Scientists took thrombocytes from parakeets and put them to the test. The work appears in the journal Blood. [Alec A. Schmaier et al., "Occlusive thrombi arise in mammals but not birds in response to arterial injury: evolutionary insight into human cardiovascular disease"]
所以哺乳動(dòng)物在遭受創(chuàng)傷后都是依靠血小板來(lái)防止出血過(guò)多。但是鳥(niǎo)類(lèi)、魚(yú)類(lèi)以及爬行類(lèi)動(dòng)物沒(méi)有這一功能。它們體內(nèi)有一種凝血細(xì)胞，是我們血小板的兩倍大。但是不是凝血細(xì)胞越大，凝血效果就越好呢？科學(xué)家提取了鸚鵡體內(nèi)的凝血細(xì)胞，進(jìn)行實(shí)驗(yàn)。實(shí)驗(yàn)結(jié)果刊登在‘Blood’這本期刊上。

They focused their attention on birds because our feathered friends have a cardiovascular system much like our own, in that blood exerts pressure on the walls of blood vessels.
科學(xué)家們之所以把注意力集中在了小鳥(niǎo)上，是因?yàn)樵谖覀兡情L(zhǎng)滿羽毛的朋友體內(nèi)，血液施加給血管壁的壓力我們?nèi)祟?lèi)的相像。可以說(shuō)我們有相似的心血管系統(tǒng)。

The results: parakeet thrombocytes don’t stick together like platelets do. They also don’t block blood flow in the birds’ arteries the same way that platelets do when they form clots in mice.
實(shí)驗(yàn)的結(jié)果是：鸚鵡的凝血細(xì)胞不如我們?nèi)祟?lèi)的血小板那么給力。它們也不能在鳥(niǎo)類(lèi)的動(dòng)脈中起到類(lèi)似血小板在小白鼠體內(nèi)的凝塊作用。

Which means that mice may be more likely to survive a bloodletting-pecking. But birds are far less likely to suffer from the clot formation called economy class syndrome—despite being frequent fliers.
這就意味著小白鼠更可能在浴血肉搏中幸存下來(lái)。但盡管小鳥(niǎo)是空中?？停鼈儾惶赡芑忌衔覀?nèi)菀谆忌系慕?jīng)濟(jì)艙綜合征。

ps： 簡(jiǎn)單介紹一下“經(jīng)濟(jì)艙綜合征”，因長(zhǎng)時(shí)間飛行后，腿部腫脹的癥狀。在經(jīng)濟(jì)艙中病發(fā)幾率更高，因?yàn)榻?jīng)濟(jì)艙的狹小空間，使乘客的腿部長(zhǎng)時(shí)間不能自由動(dòng)彈。因此，血液容易積壓在腿部，增加了血塊凝結(jié)的可能性。

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