1

小編導讀：

我們在學習外語的過程中，總會碰到各種各樣的外來詞匯，其中有10個單詞我們只能在英語中找到。也就是說，如果你在學習其他語言的時候碰到這10個單詞，那都是向英語借的！究竟是哪10個單詞呢？

Cheesy
虛偽的

Other languages have words that mean false, tacky, or trying too hard, but only the English slang term "cheesy" can fully express something so fake that it stinks like Camembert.
其他語言中都有含義為“錯誤的，低劣的，或刻意的”這樣的詞，但只有英語俚語“cheesy”能完全表達出“某物假的就像難聞的卡芒貝爾干酪”這樣的意思。

For example, "He came up to me at the bar with this big cheesy grin on his face and said, 'Did it hurt when you fell from heaven?'"
例如，“在酒吧里，他走向我，臉上掛著虛偽的笑容并說道，‘你從天堂落下來的時候受傷了嗎？’”

（翻譯：Dlacus）

2

Pimp
男皮條客

Surely this word's transformation is one of the strangest in the English language. According to Merriam-Webster, men who exploit prostitutes have been called "pimps" since the 1700s.
這個單詞的含義轉變確實是最奇怪的英語詞義變化之一了。根據韋氏詞典的解釋，從18世紀起，拉皮條的男子就被叫做“pimps”。

But only in English has "pimp" become a humorous, semi-favorable verb, meaning to refurbish something, to make it super-fancy, as in the reality TV show Pimp My Ride.
不過只有在英語里，“pimp”還是一個幽默的、有半稱贊意味的動詞，意思是刷新某物使其變得更好，如真人秀節(jié)目“Pime My Ride”（《嘻哈飆車族》）中的“pimp”就是這個意思。

3

Serendipity
意外發(fā)現珍貴物品的天賦才能

According to Merriam-Webster, serendipity, which means the state of finding pleasant or desirable things by accident, comes from Serendip, an ancient name for Sri Lanka.
在韋氏詞典中，“serendipity”這個詞的意思是偶然發(fā)現令人愉快或值得擁有的事物的狀態(tài)，這個詞出自斯里蘭卡的一個古老的名字“Serendip”（賽倫迪培）。

In 18th century Britain , the writer Horace Walpole popularized the word in reference to a folk tale about 'the three princes of Serendip,' who "were always making discoveries, by accidents and sagacity, of things they were not in quest of."
在18世紀的英國，霍勒斯?沃波爾在講述一個民間故事“賽倫迪培的三個王子”的時候普及了這個詞，故事中的三個王子“總是偶然機敏地發(fā)現他們沒有探尋的東西”。

4

Trade-off
妥協(xié)

"Trade" is one of the many English verbs that change dramatically when paired with different prepositions... and each expresses a concept that would take a whole sentence to explain in any other language: Trade in, trade up, and trade down are just a few examples.
與不同的介詞搭配在一起含義變化顯著的詞匯有很多，“Trade”（貿易）這個詞就是其中之一。它與介詞搭配的每一個詞都表達了一個不同的概念，而這些詞在其他語言中則需要用一整個句子去解釋，例如，“Trade in”（做生意），“Trade up”（將舊物(如房屋、汽車等)折價換取較貴重的同類東西）和“Trade down”（以某物折價換取同類中的低檔貨）。

But the trade-off is a particularly American concept; what other nationality would actually have to state: "You can't have it all; there is always a trade-off!"
但是“trade-off”確是一個很美式的概念，其他國家的人可能不得不說：“你無法擁有所有的一切，總要有妥協(xié)（trade-off）！”

5

Silly
幼稚的

There are plenty of synonyms out there for ridiculous or foolish, but this one also means lighthearted, playful, and kind of fun. Could it be a faint echo of the word's evolving definition?
“Ridiculous”（可笑的）或“foolish”（愚蠢的）這類的詞有很多同義詞（例如silly），但“silly”這個詞還有“無憂無慮的，頑皮的，有點有趣”的意思。這莫非是微弱地呼應了這個詞的演化定義？

According to the Oxford English Dictionary, 500 years ago silly meant "happy, blissful, lucky, or blessed. From there it came to mean innocent, or deserving of compassion".
牛津英語詞典指出，500年前，“silly”的含義是“快樂的，欣喜若狂的，幸運的或幸福的。由此它又引申為天真的，或值得同情的”。

6

Gobbledygook
（公文或科技資料中）晦澀的語言

Gobbledygook sounds like Middle English but according to , this term for unintelligible jargon actually only dates from World War II.
“Gobbledygook”這個詞聽起來像中古英語，但詞典在線指出，這個表示“晦澀難懂的行話”的術語實際上出自二戰(zhàn)時期。

At that time, American Congressman Maury Maverick "used [it] in a memo dated March 30, 1944, banning 'gobbledygook language', 'anyone using the words activation or implementation will be shot.'
當時，美國國會議員莫里?馬沃瑞克“在1944年3月30日的一份備忘錄中用到了這個詞，他寫道禁止‘gobbledygook language’（晦澀難懂的語言），‘任何使用這類詞匯的人都會被槍決?！?/div>

7

Hillbilly
鄉(xiāng)下人

According to Dave Tabler, at Appalachian History website, this name for a rural American was brought by Scots-Irish settlers who flooded Appalachia in the 1700s.
戴夫?塔柏表示，在阿巴拉契亞歷史網站上，表示美國鄉(xiāng)下人的這個詞是蘇格蘭和愛爾蘭移民帶來的，他們在18世紀涌入阿巴拉契亞地區(qū)。

The word probably comes from two Scottish words mashed together: "hill-folk" and "billy" and the term was more descriptive than disparaging .
這個詞可能是兩個蘇格蘭詞匯“hill-folk”（山里人）和“billy”（伙伴）的合成詞，而且這個詞偏描述性，蔑視的意味要淡一些。

But these days if you don't consider yourself a hillbilly, don't call someone else one... or you'll discover "them's fightin' words!"
不過，當下如果你不用這個詞稱呼自己，那也不要用它稱呼別人，不然你會發(fā)現“它是會引起爭吵的詞！”

8

Facepalm
捂臉

People have been hiding their faces in their hands to express embarrassment, dismay, or exasperation for hundreds of years, but Merriam-Webster dates the term "facepalm" to 1996, making it the newest word on this list.
數百年來，人們一直用捂臉（用手遮住臉部）這個動作來表達自己的窘迫、沮喪或憤怒，但韋氏詞典認為“facepalm”這個詞始于1996年，這也使它成為這個榜單上最新的一個單詞。

Our favorite use of the word comes from The Los Angeles Review of Books in 2014: "There's a kind of facepalm moment in the terrific pilot episode of Amazon's terrific new series Transparent when you realize that the title is a pun."
我們最喜歡2014年《洛杉磯書評》對這個詞的使用：“亞馬遜推出了一部非常棒的試驗性劇作《透明人生》。當你意識到這個標題一語雙關的時候，那會讓你有一種捂臉的沖動?！?/div>

9

Spam
（斯帕姆）午餐肉，垃圾郵件

As Time magazine puts it, "Before 'spam' was a word that represented unwanted emails, it was a word that represented the successful repackaging of unwanted meats."
正如《時代周刊》所敘述的那樣，“在‘spam’這個詞表示無用郵件之前，它指的是成功重新包裝的沒人要的肉類產品”。

Introduced in 1937, SPAM was a clever way to repackage the undesirable cut of pork shoulder, and the brand name itself is a combination of "spiced" and "ham," invented in a naming contest.
“SPAM”這個詞于1937年開始使用，它精巧地形容了重新包裝的那些從豬肩胛上切下來的不想要的肉類產品，而且這個品牌的名字本身就是“spiced”（調過味的）和“ham”（火腿）這兩個詞的組合，它是在一場命名大賽上提出的。

The newer meaning derives from a skit by the 1970s British comedy troupe Monty Python in which a band of Vikings drown out all other conversation by shouting the word "spam" over and over again—much as a barrage of unsolicited commercial emails will overwhelm everything else in your inbox.
“Spam”這個詞的新含義源自20世紀70年代英國喜劇團體“巨蟒”的一部滑稽短劇，劇中一伙海盜一遍又一遍地大喊著“Spam”這個詞來蓋過其他人的對話，就像一堆自動發(fā)送的商業(yè)郵件淹沒了你的收件箱一樣。

10

Cool
表示贊同

This multifaceted word of approval is another one that started out meaning one thing and wound up as another. According to Merriam-Webster, we have to go all the way back to 12th century Middle English to find the first mention of cool, meaning the opposite of hot.
這個表示贊同且有多層面含義的詞匯是另外一個最初有一種含義，之后又衍生出其他含義的詞。根據韋氏詞典的解釋，這個詞最初的含義要追溯到12世紀的中古英語，表示熱的反義詞。

Over the years this idea gets applied to emotions: tempers that run hot or cool. In the 1920s, American jazz culture prized that quality of relaxed calm in music and in life, and the word became a synonym for admirable, fashionable, and good.
多年來，這個詞開始用來形容情感：例如脾氣火爆或冷淡。在20世紀20年代，美國爵士樂文化又用這個詞來評價那種在音樂和生活中放松平靜的品性，而這個詞就變成了“令人欽佩的，時髦的，好的”的同義詞。