2009年考博英語輔導(dǎo)資料——閱讀理解訓(xùn)練
來源：互聯(lián)網(wǎng)
2009-07-12 00:00
PASSAGE?ONE?
Whether?the?eyes?are?“the?windows?of?the?soul”?is?debatable;?that?they?are?intensely?important?in?interpersonal?communication?is?a?fact.?During?the?first?two?months?of?a?baby’s?life,?the?stimulus?that?produces?a?smile?is?a?pair?of?eyes.?The?eyes?need?not?be?real:?a?mask?with?two?dots?will?produce?a?smile.?Significantly,?a?real?human?face?with?eyes?covered?will?not?motivate?a?smile,?nor?will?the?sight?of?only?one?eye?when?the?face?is?presented?in?profile.?This?attraction?to?eyes?as?opposed?to?the?nose?or?mouth?continues?as?the?baby?matures.?In?one?study,?when?American?four?–?year?–?olds?were?asked?to?draw?people,?75?percent?of?them?drew?people?with?mouths,?but?99?percent?of?them?drew?people?with?eyes.?In?Japan,?however,?where?babies?are?carried?on?their?mother’s?back,?infants?do?not?acquire?as?much?attachment?to?eyes?as?they?do?in?other?cultures,?As?a?result,?Japanese?adults?make?little?use?of?the?face?either?to?encode(把…編碼)or?decode?(理解)?meaning.?In?fact,?Argyle?reveals?that?the?“proper?place?to?focus?one’s?gaze?during?a?conversation?in?Japan?is?on?the?neck?of?one’s?conversation?partner.”?
The?role?of?eye?contact?in?a?conversational?exchange?between?two?Americans?is?well?defined:?speakers?make?contact?with?the?eyes?of?their?listener?for?about?one?second,?then?glance?away?as?they?talk;?in?a?few?moments?they?re?–?establish?eye?contact?with?the?listener?or?reassure?themselves?that?their?audience?is?still?attentive,?then?shift?their?gaze?away?once?more.?Listeners,?meanwhile,?keep?their?eyes?on?the?face?of?the?speaker,?allowing?themselves?to?glance?away?only?briefly.?It?is?important?that?they?be?looking?at?the?speaker?at?the?precise?moment?when?the?speaker?reestablishes?eye?contact:?if?they?are?not?looking,?the?speaker?assumes?that?they?are?disinterested?and?either?will?pause?until?eye?contact?is?resumed?or?will?terminate?the?conversation.?Just?how?critical?this?eye?maneuvering?is?to?the?maintenance?of?conversational?flow?becomes?evident?when?two?speakers?are?wearing?dark?glasses:?there?may?be?a?sort?of?traffic?jam?of?words?caused?by?interruption,?false?starts,?and?unpredictable?pauses.?1.?The?author?is?convinced?that?the?eyes?are?______.?A)?of?extreme?importance?in?expressing?feelings?and?exchanging?ideas?
B)?something?through?which?one?can?see?a?person’s?inner?world?
C)?of?considerable?significance?in?making?conversations?interesting?
D)?something?the?value?of?which?is?largely?a?matter?of?long?debate?
2.?Babies?will?not?be?stimulated?to?smile?by?a?person?______.?
A)?whose?front?view?is?fully?perceived?C)?whose?face?is?seen?from?the?side?
B)?whose?face?is?covered?with?a?mask?D)?whose?face?is?free?of?any?covering?
3.?According?to?the?passage,?the?Japanese?fix?their?gaze?on?their?conversation?partner’s?neck?because?______.?
A)?they?don’t?like?to?keep?their?eyes?on?the?face?of?the?speaker?
B)?they?need?not?communicate?through?eye?contact?
C)?they?don’t?think?it?polite?to?have?eye?contact?
D)?they?didn’t?have?much?opportunity?to?communicate?through?eye?contact?in?babyhood?
4.?According?to?the?passage,?a?conversation?between?two?Americans?may?break?down?due?to?______.?
A)?temporary?glancing?away?from?the?listener?
B)?eye?contacts?of?more?than?one?second?
C)?improperly?–?timed?ceasing?of?eye?contact?
D)?constant?adjustment?of?eye?contacts?
5.?To?keep?a?conversation?flowing?smoothly,?it?is?better?for?the?participants?______.?
A)?not?to?wear?dark?spectacles?C)?not?to?glance?away?from?each?other?
B)?not?to?make?any?interruptions?D)?not?to?make?unpredictable?pauses?
文體：?
結(jié)構(gòu)：?
語言點(diǎn)：?
寫作技巧：?
PASSAGE?TWO?
More?and?more,?the?operations?of?our?businesses,?governments,?and?financial?institutions?are?controlled?by?information?that?exists?only?inside?computer?memories.?Anyone?clever?enough?to?modify?this?information?for?his?own?purposes?can?reap?substantial?rewards,?Even?worse,?a?number?of?people?who?have?done?this?and?been?caught?at?it?have?managed?to?get?away?without?punishment.?It’s?easy?for?computer?crimes?to?go?undetected?if?no?one?checks?up?on?what?the?computer?is?doing.?But?even?if?the?crime?is?detected,?the?criminal?may?walk?away?not?only?unpunished?but?with?a?glowing?recommendation?from?his?former?employers.?Of?course,?we?have?no?statistics?on?crimes?that?go?undetected.?But?it’s?disturbing?to?note?how?many?of?the?crimes?we?do?know?about?were?detected?by?accident,?not?by?systematic?inspections?or?other?security?procedures.?The?computer?criminals?who?have?been?caught?may?have?been?the?victims?of?uncommonly?bad?luck.?For?example,?a?certain?keypunch(鍵盤打孔)operator?complained?of?having?to?stay?overtime?to?punch?extra?cards.?Investigation?revealed?that?the?extra?cards?she?was?being?asked?to?punch?were?for?dishonest?transactions.?In?another?case,?dissatisfied?employees?of?the?thief?tipped?off?(向…透露)the?company?that?was?being?robbed.?
Unlike?other?lawbreakers,?who?must?leave?the?country,?commit?suicide,?or?go?to?jail,?computer?criminals?sometimes?escape?punishment,?demanding?not?only?that?they?not?be?charged?but?that?they?be?given?good?recommendations?and?perhaps?other?benefits.?All?too?often,?their?demands?have?been?met.?Why??Because?company?executives?are?afraid?of?the?bad?publicity?that?would?result?if?the?public?found?out?that?their?computer?had?been?misused.?They?hesitate?at?the?thought?of?a?criminal?boasting?in?open?court?of?how?he?juggled(耍弄)the?most?confidential?records?right?under?the?noses?of?the?company’s?executives?.?accountants?.?and?security?staff?.?And?so?another?computer?criminal?departs?with?just?the?recommendations?he?needs?to?continue?his?crimes?elsewhere?.?1.It?can?be?concluded?from?the?passage?that?_______.?
A)?it?is?still?impossible?to?detect?computer?crimes?today?
B)?computer?crimes?are?the?most?serious?problem?in?the?operation?of?financial?institutions?
C)?computer?criminals?can?escape?punishment?because?they?can’t?be?detected?
D)?people?commit?computer?crimes?at?the?request?of?their?company?
2.It?is?implied?in?the?third?paragraph?that?_______.?
A)?many?more?computer?crimes?go?undetected?than?are?discovered?
B)?the?rapid?increase?of?computer?crimes?is?a?troublesome?problem?
C)?most?computer?criminals?are?smart?enough?to?cover?up?their?crimes?
D)?most?computer?criminals?who?are?caught?blame?their?bad?luck?
3.Which?of?the?following?is?mentioned?in?the?passage???
A)?A?strict?law?against?computer?crimes?must?be?enforced?.?
B)?Companies?need?to?impose?restrictions?on?confidential?information?
C)?Companies?will?guard?against?computer?crimes?to?protect?their?reputation?
D)?Companies?usually?hesitate?to?uncover?computer?crimes?.?
4.What?may?happen?to?computer?criminals?once?they?are?caught???
A)?With?bad?reputation?they?can?hardly?find?another?job?.?
B)?They?will?be?denied?access?to?confidential?records?
C)?They?nay?way?walk?away?and?easily?find?another?job?.?
D)?They?must?leave?the?country?or?go?to?jail?
5.The?passage?is?mainly?about?__________?
A)?why?computer?crimes?are?difficult?to?detect?by?systematic?inspection?
B)?why?computer?criminals?are?often?able?to?escape?punishment?
C)?how?computer?criminals?manage?to?get?good?recommendations?from?their?former?employers?
D)?why?computer?crimes?can’s?be?eliminated?
文體：?
結(jié)構(gòu)：?
語言點(diǎn)：?
寫技：?
PASSAGE?THREE?
It?is?often?claimed?that?nuclear?energy?is?something?we?cannot?do?without?.?We?live?in?a?consumer?society?where?there?is?an?enormous?demand?for?commercial?products?of?all?kinds?.?Moreover?.?an?increase?in?industrial?production?is?considered?to?be?one?solution?to?the?problem?of?mass?unemployment?.?Such?an?increases?presumes?an?abundant?and?cheap?energy?supply?.?Many?people?believe?thatnuclear?energy?provides?an?inexhaustible?and?economical?source?of?power?and?that?it?is?therefore?essential?for?an?industrially?developing?society?.?There?are?a?number?of?other?advantages?in?the?use?of?nuclear?energy?.?Firstly?,?unclear?power?,?except?for?accidents?.?is?clean?A?further?advantage?is?that?a?nuclear?power?station?can?be?run?and?maintained?by?relatively?few?technical?and?administrative?staff?.?The?nuclear?reactor?represents?an?enormous?step?in?our?scientific?evolution?and?.?whatever?the?anti-nuclear?group?says?,?it?is?wrong?to?expect?a?return?to?more?primitive?sources?of?fuel?,.?However?.?opponents?of?nuclear?energy?point?out?that?nuclear?power?stations?bring?a?direct?threat?not?only?to?the?environment?but?also?to?civil?liberties?.?Furthermore?.?it?is?questionable?whether?ultimately?nuclear?power?is?a?cheap?source?of?energy?.?There?have?.?for?example?,?been?very?costly?accidents?in?America?,?in?Britain?and?,?of?course?.?in?Russia?.?The?possibility?of?increases?in?the?cost?of?uranium(鈾)in?addition?to?the?cost?of?greater?safety?provisions?could?price?nuclear?power?out?of?the?market?.?In?the?long?run?,?environmentalists?argue?,?nuclear?energy?wastes?valuable?resources?and?disturbs?the?ecology?to?an?extent?whish?could?bring?about?the?destruction?of?the?human?race?.?Thus?if?we?wish?to?survive?,?we?cannot?afford?nuclear?energy?.In?spite?of?the?case?against?nuclear?energy?outlined?above?,?nuclear?energy?programmes?are?expanding?.?Such?an?expansion?assumes?a?continual?growth?in?industrial?production?and?consumer?demands?.?However?,?it?is?doubtful?whether?this?growth?will?or?can?continue?.?Having?weighed?up?the?arguments?on?both?sides?.?it?seems?there?are?good?economic?and?ecological?reasons?for?sources?of?energy?other?than?nuclear?power?.?
1.?The?writer’s?attitude?toward?nuclear?energy?is?_________?
A)?indifferent?
B)?tolerant?
C)?favorable?
D)?negative?
2.?According?to?the?opponents?of?nuclear?energy?,?which?of?the?following?is?TRUE?of?nuclear?energy???
A)?Primitive?
B)?Cheap?
C)?Exhaustible?
D)?Unsafe?
3.?Some?people?claim?that?nuclear?energy?is?essential?because?___________?
A)?it?provides?a?perfect?solution?to?mass?unemployment?
B)?it?represents?an?enormous?step?forward?in?our?scientific?evolution?
C)?it?can?meet?the?growing?demand?of?an?industrially?developing?society?
D)?nuclear?power?stations?can?be?run?and?maintained?by?relatively?few?technical?and?administrative?staff?
4.?Which?of?the?following?statements?does?the?writer?support???
A)?The?demand?for?commercial?products?will?not?necessarily?keep?increasing?
B)?Nuclear?energy?is?something?we?cannot?do?without?.?
C)?Uranium?is?a?good?source?of?energy?for?economic?and?ecological?reasons?
D)?Greater?safety?provisions?can?bring?about?the?expansion?of?nuclear?energy?programmes?
5.?The?function?of?the?last?sentence?is?to?__________?
A)?advance?the?final?argument?
B)?reflect?the?writer’s?attitude?
C)?reverse?previously?expressed?thoughts?
D)?show?the?disadvantages?of?nuclear?power
Whether?the?eyes?are?“the?windows?of?the?soul”?is?debatable;?that?they?are?intensely?important?in?interpersonal?communication?is?a?fact.?During?the?first?two?months?of?a?baby’s?life,?the?stimulus?that?produces?a?smile?is?a?pair?of?eyes.?The?eyes?need?not?be?real:?a?mask?with?two?dots?will?produce?a?smile.?Significantly,?a?real?human?face?with?eyes?covered?will?not?motivate?a?smile,?nor?will?the?sight?of?only?one?eye?when?the?face?is?presented?in?profile.?This?attraction?to?eyes?as?opposed?to?the?nose?or?mouth?continues?as?the?baby?matures.?In?one?study,?when?American?four?–?year?–?olds?were?asked?to?draw?people,?75?percent?of?them?drew?people?with?mouths,?but?99?percent?of?them?drew?people?with?eyes.?In?Japan,?however,?where?babies?are?carried?on?their?mother’s?back,?infants?do?not?acquire?as?much?attachment?to?eyes?as?they?do?in?other?cultures,?As?a?result,?Japanese?adults?make?little?use?of?the?face?either?to?encode(把…編碼)or?decode?(理解)?meaning.?In?fact,?Argyle?reveals?that?the?“proper?place?to?focus?one’s?gaze?during?a?conversation?in?Japan?is?on?the?neck?of?one’s?conversation?partner.”?
The?role?of?eye?contact?in?a?conversational?exchange?between?two?Americans?is?well?defined:?speakers?make?contact?with?the?eyes?of?their?listener?for?about?one?second,?then?glance?away?as?they?talk;?in?a?few?moments?they?re?–?establish?eye?contact?with?the?listener?or?reassure?themselves?that?their?audience?is?still?attentive,?then?shift?their?gaze?away?once?more.?Listeners,?meanwhile,?keep?their?eyes?on?the?face?of?the?speaker,?allowing?themselves?to?glance?away?only?briefly.?It?is?important?that?they?be?looking?at?the?speaker?at?the?precise?moment?when?the?speaker?reestablishes?eye?contact:?if?they?are?not?looking,?the?speaker?assumes?that?they?are?disinterested?and?either?will?pause?until?eye?contact?is?resumed?or?will?terminate?the?conversation.?Just?how?critical?this?eye?maneuvering?is?to?the?maintenance?of?conversational?flow?becomes?evident?when?two?speakers?are?wearing?dark?glasses:?there?may?be?a?sort?of?traffic?jam?of?words?caused?by?interruption,?false?starts,?and?unpredictable?pauses.?1.?The?author?is?convinced?that?the?eyes?are?______.?A)?of?extreme?importance?in?expressing?feelings?and?exchanging?ideas?
B)?something?through?which?one?can?see?a?person’s?inner?world?
C)?of?considerable?significance?in?making?conversations?interesting?
D)?something?the?value?of?which?is?largely?a?matter?of?long?debate?
2.?Babies?will?not?be?stimulated?to?smile?by?a?person?______.?
A)?whose?front?view?is?fully?perceived?C)?whose?face?is?seen?from?the?side?
B)?whose?face?is?covered?with?a?mask?D)?whose?face?is?free?of?any?covering?
3.?According?to?the?passage,?the?Japanese?fix?their?gaze?on?their?conversation?partner’s?neck?because?______.?
A)?they?don’t?like?to?keep?their?eyes?on?the?face?of?the?speaker?
B)?they?need?not?communicate?through?eye?contact?
C)?they?don’t?think?it?polite?to?have?eye?contact?
D)?they?didn’t?have?much?opportunity?to?communicate?through?eye?contact?in?babyhood?
4.?According?to?the?passage,?a?conversation?between?two?Americans?may?break?down?due?to?______.?
A)?temporary?glancing?away?from?the?listener?
B)?eye?contacts?of?more?than?one?second?
C)?improperly?–?timed?ceasing?of?eye?contact?
D)?constant?adjustment?of?eye?contacts?
5.?To?keep?a?conversation?flowing?smoothly,?it?is?better?for?the?participants?______.?
A)?not?to?wear?dark?spectacles?C)?not?to?glance?away?from?each?other?
B)?not?to?make?any?interruptions?D)?not?to?make?unpredictable?pauses?
文體：?
結(jié)構(gòu)：?
語言點(diǎn)：?
寫作技巧：?
PASSAGE?TWO?
More?and?more,?the?operations?of?our?businesses,?governments,?and?financial?institutions?are?controlled?by?information?that?exists?only?inside?computer?memories.?Anyone?clever?enough?to?modify?this?information?for?his?own?purposes?can?reap?substantial?rewards,?Even?worse,?a?number?of?people?who?have?done?this?and?been?caught?at?it?have?managed?to?get?away?without?punishment.?It’s?easy?for?computer?crimes?to?go?undetected?if?no?one?checks?up?on?what?the?computer?is?doing.?But?even?if?the?crime?is?detected,?the?criminal?may?walk?away?not?only?unpunished?but?with?a?glowing?recommendation?from?his?former?employers.?Of?course,?we?have?no?statistics?on?crimes?that?go?undetected.?But?it’s?disturbing?to?note?how?many?of?the?crimes?we?do?know?about?were?detected?by?accident,?not?by?systematic?inspections?or?other?security?procedures.?The?computer?criminals?who?have?been?caught?may?have?been?the?victims?of?uncommonly?bad?luck.?For?example,?a?certain?keypunch(鍵盤打孔)operator?complained?of?having?to?stay?overtime?to?punch?extra?cards.?Investigation?revealed?that?the?extra?cards?she?was?being?asked?to?punch?were?for?dishonest?transactions.?In?another?case,?dissatisfied?employees?of?the?thief?tipped?off?(向…透露)the?company?that?was?being?robbed.?
Unlike?other?lawbreakers,?who?must?leave?the?country,?commit?suicide,?or?go?to?jail,?computer?criminals?sometimes?escape?punishment,?demanding?not?only?that?they?not?be?charged?but?that?they?be?given?good?recommendations?and?perhaps?other?benefits.?All?too?often,?their?demands?have?been?met.?Why??Because?company?executives?are?afraid?of?the?bad?publicity?that?would?result?if?the?public?found?out?that?their?computer?had?been?misused.?They?hesitate?at?the?thought?of?a?criminal?boasting?in?open?court?of?how?he?juggled(耍弄)the?most?confidential?records?right?under?the?noses?of?the?company’s?executives?.?accountants?.?and?security?staff?.?And?so?another?computer?criminal?departs?with?just?the?recommendations?he?needs?to?continue?his?crimes?elsewhere?.?1.It?can?be?concluded?from?the?passage?that?_______.?
A)?it?is?still?impossible?to?detect?computer?crimes?today?
B)?computer?crimes?are?the?most?serious?problem?in?the?operation?of?financial?institutions?
C)?computer?criminals?can?escape?punishment?because?they?can’t?be?detected?
D)?people?commit?computer?crimes?at?the?request?of?their?company?
2.It?is?implied?in?the?third?paragraph?that?_______.?
A)?many?more?computer?crimes?go?undetected?than?are?discovered?
B)?the?rapid?increase?of?computer?crimes?is?a?troublesome?problem?
C)?most?computer?criminals?are?smart?enough?to?cover?up?their?crimes?
D)?most?computer?criminals?who?are?caught?blame?their?bad?luck?
3.Which?of?the?following?is?mentioned?in?the?passage???
A)?A?strict?law?against?computer?crimes?must?be?enforced?.?
B)?Companies?need?to?impose?restrictions?on?confidential?information?
C)?Companies?will?guard?against?computer?crimes?to?protect?their?reputation?
D)?Companies?usually?hesitate?to?uncover?computer?crimes?.?
4.What?may?happen?to?computer?criminals?once?they?are?caught???
A)?With?bad?reputation?they?can?hardly?find?another?job?.?
B)?They?will?be?denied?access?to?confidential?records?
C)?They?nay?way?walk?away?and?easily?find?another?job?.?
D)?They?must?leave?the?country?or?go?to?jail?
5.The?passage?is?mainly?about?__________?
A)?why?computer?crimes?are?difficult?to?detect?by?systematic?inspection?
B)?why?computer?criminals?are?often?able?to?escape?punishment?
C)?how?computer?criminals?manage?to?get?good?recommendations?from?their?former?employers?
D)?why?computer?crimes?can’s?be?eliminated?
文體：?
結(jié)構(gòu)：?
語言點(diǎn)：?
寫技：?
PASSAGE?THREE?
It?is?often?claimed?that?nuclear?energy?is?something?we?cannot?do?without?.?We?live?in?a?consumer?society?where?there?is?an?enormous?demand?for?commercial?products?of?all?kinds?.?Moreover?.?an?increase?in?industrial?production?is?considered?to?be?one?solution?to?the?problem?of?mass?unemployment?.?Such?an?increases?presumes?an?abundant?and?cheap?energy?supply?.?Many?people?believe?thatnuclear?energy?provides?an?inexhaustible?and?economical?source?of?power?and?that?it?is?therefore?essential?for?an?industrially?developing?society?.?There?are?a?number?of?other?advantages?in?the?use?of?nuclear?energy?.?Firstly?,?unclear?power?,?except?for?accidents?.?is?clean?A?further?advantage?is?that?a?nuclear?power?station?can?be?run?and?maintained?by?relatively?few?technical?and?administrative?staff?.?The?nuclear?reactor?represents?an?enormous?step?in?our?scientific?evolution?and?.?whatever?the?anti-nuclear?group?says?,?it?is?wrong?to?expect?a?return?to?more?primitive?sources?of?fuel?,.?However?.?opponents?of?nuclear?energy?point?out?that?nuclear?power?stations?bring?a?direct?threat?not?only?to?the?environment?but?also?to?civil?liberties?.?Furthermore?.?it?is?questionable?whether?ultimately?nuclear?power?is?a?cheap?source?of?energy?.?There?have?.?for?example?,?been?very?costly?accidents?in?America?,?in?Britain?and?,?of?course?.?in?Russia?.?The?possibility?of?increases?in?the?cost?of?uranium(鈾)in?addition?to?the?cost?of?greater?safety?provisions?could?price?nuclear?power?out?of?the?market?.?In?the?long?run?,?environmentalists?argue?,?nuclear?energy?wastes?valuable?resources?and?disturbs?the?ecology?to?an?extent?whish?could?bring?about?the?destruction?of?the?human?race?.?Thus?if?we?wish?to?survive?,?we?cannot?afford?nuclear?energy?.In?spite?of?the?case?against?nuclear?energy?outlined?above?,?nuclear?energy?programmes?are?expanding?.?Such?an?expansion?assumes?a?continual?growth?in?industrial?production?and?consumer?demands?.?However?,?it?is?doubtful?whether?this?growth?will?or?can?continue?.?Having?weighed?up?the?arguments?on?both?sides?.?it?seems?there?are?good?economic?and?ecological?reasons?for?sources?of?energy?other?than?nuclear?power?.?
1.?The?writer’s?attitude?toward?nuclear?energy?is?_________?
A)?indifferent?
B)?tolerant?
C)?favorable?
D)?negative?
2.?According?to?the?opponents?of?nuclear?energy?,?which?of?the?following?is?TRUE?of?nuclear?energy???
A)?Primitive?
B)?Cheap?
C)?Exhaustible?
D)?Unsafe?
3.?Some?people?claim?that?nuclear?energy?is?essential?because?___________?
A)?it?provides?a?perfect?solution?to?mass?unemployment?
B)?it?represents?an?enormous?step?forward?in?our?scientific?evolution?
C)?it?can?meet?the?growing?demand?of?an?industrially?developing?society?
D)?nuclear?power?stations?can?be?run?and?maintained?by?relatively?few?technical?and?administrative?staff?
4.?Which?of?the?following?statements?does?the?writer?support???
A)?The?demand?for?commercial?products?will?not?necessarily?keep?increasing?
B)?Nuclear?energy?is?something?we?cannot?do?without?.?
C)?Uranium?is?a?good?source?of?energy?for?economic?and?ecological?reasons?
D)?Greater?safety?provisions?can?bring?about?the?expansion?of?nuclear?energy?programmes?
5.?The?function?of?the?last?sentence?is?to?__________?
A)?advance?the?final?argument?
B)?reflect?the?writer’s?attitude?
C)?reverse?previously?expressed?thoughts?
D)?show?the?disadvantages?of?nuclear?power