英語(yǔ)是一種動(dòng)態(tài)發(fā)展的語(yǔ)言,而其中,“動(dòng)詞”恰如其分地說(shuō)明了該種語(yǔ)言“”的特質(zhì)。動(dòng)詞,雖然是最復(fù)雜的一個(gè)詞類(lèi),但其變化并非“無(wú)?!?。動(dòng)詞因其在句中功能不同而發(fā)生變化,同時(shí)根據(jù)施動(dòng)方的詞性而變位。因此,掌握了動(dòng)詞“七十二變”般的用法,就相當(dāng)于掌握了英語(yǔ)的“半壁江山”。今天小編以“play basketball”一詞組來(lái)解釋“動(dòng)詞之變”。

1. 時(shí):表示時(shí)間區(qū)別的動(dòng)詞形式。英語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞有兩個(gè)“時(shí)”:現(xiàn)在時(shí)和過(guò)去時(shí)

2. 體:表示動(dòng)作或過(guò)程在一定時(shí)間內(nèi)處于何種狀態(tài)的動(dòng)詞形式。

???英語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞有兩個(gè)體:進(jìn)行體—be加主動(dòng)詞的-ing分詞構(gòu)成; 完成體—have加主動(dòng)詞-ed分詞構(gòu)成。

???英語(yǔ)“時(shí)”、“體”結(jié)合使用,構(gòu)成8種形式:

(1)一般現(xiàn)在時(shí):The boy plays?basketball very well.

(2)一般過(guò)去時(shí):The boy played basketball very well when he was 5 years old.

(3)現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí):The boy is playing?basketball now.

(4)過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí):The boy was playing basketball this time yesterday.

(5)現(xiàn)在完成時(shí):The boy has played basketball for an hour.

(6)過(guò)去完成時(shí):The boy had played basketball for an hour by lunchtime.

(7)現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí):The boy has been playing basketball for a long time.

(8)過(guò)去完成進(jìn)行時(shí):The boy had been playing basketball for two hours by 12 o’clock.

3. 態(tài):表示主語(yǔ)和謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞之間的的主動(dòng)或被動(dòng)關(guān)系的動(dòng)詞形式。英語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞有兩種語(yǔ)態(tài):主動(dòng)態(tài)和被動(dòng)態(tài)。

????同樣,被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)也有不同形式的時(shí)、體形式:(假設(shè)主語(yǔ)為第三人稱(chēng)單數(shù))

(9)一般現(xiàn)在時(shí):is played

(10)一般過(guò)去時(shí):was played

(11)現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí):is being played

12)過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí):was being played

(13)現(xiàn)在完成時(shí):has been played

(14)過(guò)去完成時(shí):had been played

(15)現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí):has been playing

(16)過(guò)去完成進(jìn)行時(shí):had been playing

4. 式:區(qū)別說(shuō)話人以何種口氣說(shuō)話的動(dòng)詞形式。英語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞有三種表示不同口氣的動(dòng)詞東西形式:陳述式、祈使式和虛擬式。

?(17)陳述式:The boy plays?basketball every day.

?(18)祈使式:Boys, play basketball now. ?

?(19))虛擬式:It is time?the boy played basketball.

由上可知,不同的時(shí)、體、態(tài)、式,決定了動(dòng)詞的不同形式。另外,主語(yǔ)以及動(dòng)詞的功能變化,也會(huì)影響動(dòng)詞的形式。因此,同一個(gè)動(dòng)詞,在不同時(shí)間、不同地點(diǎn)、不同主語(yǔ)下,動(dòng)詞形式都要做相應(yīng)變化。

聲明:本內(nèi)容為滬江英語(yǔ)原創(chuàng),嚴(yán)禁轉(zhuǎn)載。