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1. “SHOULD I SAY ‘IF YOU HAVE ANY QUESTION’ OR ‘IF YOU HAVE ANY QUESTIONS’?”
“應(yīng)該說‘IF YOU HAVE ANY QUESTION’還是‘IF YOU HAVE ANY QUESTIONS’？”
“If you have any questions” is correct, because the word “question” is a countable noun.
“If you have any questions”正確，因?yàn)椤皅uestion”這個(gè)名詞可數(shù)。
When a noun is countable, we always use the plural form after “some” and “any”:
“some”和“any”后通常接可數(shù)名詞的復(fù)數(shù)形式：
I bought some flowers.
我買了一些花。
We don’t have any questions.
我們沒有任何問題。
We only use the singular form after “some” and “any” when a noun is uncountable:
“some”和“any”后接不可數(shù)名詞才用單數(shù)形式：
I bought some sugar.
我買了一些糖。
We don’t have any advice.
我們沒有任何建議。
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2. “WHAT’S THE DIFFERENCE BETWEEN HAVE BEEN + -ING AND HAVE BEEN + PAST PARTICIPLE?”
“HAVE BEEN + -ING和HAVE BEEN + 過去分詞之間有什么區(qū)別？”
Have been + ING form is the present perfect continuous.
Have been + ING形式是現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)。
It means an action that has started in the past and continues until the present.
意思是一個(gè)過去開始并持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在的動(dòng)作。
I’ve been cleaning the house for the past hour.
我已經(jīng)清潔屋一個(gè)小時(shí)了。
(I started cleaning 1 hour ago, and I’m still cleaning now)
（一小時(shí)前我開始清潔，現(xiàn)在我還在清潔）
Have been + past participle is the present perfect passive.
Have been + 過去分詞是現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的被動(dòng)語態(tài)。
It means something was done to the subject of the sentence sometime in the past.
意思是過去某個(gè)時(shí)候句子主語經(jīng)受了某些動(dòng)作。
These machines have been cleaned.
這些機(jī)器已經(jīng)被清潔好了。
(The sentence doesn’t say who cleaned them, just that they have been cleaned already)
（句子中沒有說明誰清潔了機(jī)器，只是機(jī)器已經(jīng)被清潔了）
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3. “WHEN SHOULD I USE FEW VS. A FEW?”
“什么時(shí)候用FEW，什么時(shí)候用A FEW？”
A few usually has a positive connotation, and few usually has a negative connotation.
A few通常有正面意思，而few一般有負(fù)面含義。
Let’s say I’m moving to a new city, and I say “I have a few friends there.” – that’s a good thing; I know some people so I will have a good time in the new city.
比如我搬到了一座新的城市，然后我說“I have a few friends there”，就是一件好事，說明我認(rèn)識一些人，所以我會(huì)在這個(gè)新的城市過得開心。
Now let’s say my son is not very popular in school. I would say, “He has few friends.” – that’s a bad thing; he has only 2-3 friends, and it would be better for him to have more friends.
現(xiàn)在我們假設(shè)我的兒子在學(xué)校不太受歡迎。我會(huì)說“He has few friends”，就是一件壞事，說明他只有兩三個(gè)朋友，而有更多朋友會(huì)更好。
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4. “WHAT’S THE DIFFERENCE BETWEEN I’VE GOT AND I’VE GOTTEN?”
“I’VE GOT和I’VE GOTTEN有什么區(qū)別？”
I’ve got = I have; I possess
I’ve got = 我擁有
I’ve got a dog.
我有一只狗。
I’ve got a car.
我有一輛車。
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I’ve got to = I must; I need to
I’ve got to = 我必須，我需要
(often pronounced as “I’ve gotta”)
（經(jīng)常發(fā)音作“I’ve gotta”）
I’ve got to leave now.
我必須要走了。
I’ve got to pay rent on the 1st of the month.
我不得不在每個(gè)月的一號交房租。
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I’ve gotten = I have obtained/received
I’ve gotten = 我應(yīng)得/獲得了
I’ve gotten = I have become
I’ve gotten = 我變成了
I’ve gotten a dog.
我買了一只狗。
(I didn’t have one before, but recently I adopted or bought a dog)
（以前我不養(yǎng)狗，但最近我領(lǐng)養(yǎng)或買了一條狗）
I’ve gotten a good grade on the test.
我考試考得不錯(cuò)。
(I received a good grade on the test)
（我考試得了個(gè)不錯(cuò)的分?jǐn)?shù)）
I’ve gotten divorced.
我離婚了。
(I have become divorced)
（我成了離婚了的）
I’ve gotten better at English.
我英語進(jìn)步了。
(I have become better at English)
（我英語變得更好了）
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5. “DO NEITHER & NONE USE SINGULAR OR PLURAL VERBS?”
“NEITHER和NONE后謂語用第三人稱單數(shù)嗎？”
Neither is used for two things.
Neither的謂語既用單數(shù)也用原型。
Neither of my parents is retired.
我父母都沒有退休。
None is used for three or more things.
None用于三個(gè)及以上事物。
None of the kids in the class failed the test.
班上的三個(gè)孩子考試都通過了。
About singular or plural, this depends.
用不用第三人稱單數(shù)，要分不同情況。
Technically, after neither, we should always use the singular, as in the example above
理論上講，neither之后必須用第三人稱單數(shù)，像上面那個(gè)例子(Neither of my parents is retired / Neither my mom nor my dad is retired.)
However, some people do use the plural
不過，一些人也用原型:
Neither of my parents are retired; Neither of the athletes were injured.
我父母都沒有退休；這兩個(gè)運(yùn)動(dòng)員都沒有受傷。
After none, use the plural if the object is countable:
None后面接的賓語如果可數(shù)，用原型：
None of the facts are correct.
這些都不是事實(shí)。
Use the singular if the object is uncountable:
None后面接的賓語如果不可數(shù)，用第三人稱單數(shù)：
None of the information is correct.
這些信息都不正確。

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