The 90 Day Plan to Learning a Language
學(xué)會(huì)一門語言的90天計(jì)劃

It’s possible to achieve fluency, or at least a high speaking level, in just 90 days, but it requires intense focus.
在90天內(nèi)達(dá)到流利、至少是較高的口語標(biāo)準(zhǔn)是可能的,但是要求高度集中的練習(xí)。

If you don’t have the freedom to focus fulltime on learning a language, that’s okay, but the process will take longer than 90 days. Just make sure that you continue to practice every day, or else you’ll lose your knowledge rapidly.
如果你可以自由支配的時(shí)間還不允許你完全專注于學(xué)習(xí)一門語言,也沒關(guān)系,但學(xué)習(xí)過程會(huì)長于90天。你只需要保證每天都持續(xù)練習(xí),否則你會(huì)很快忘記你所學(xué)的內(nèi)容。

Days 1-30
第1-30天

The first thirty days are critical to learning a new language. You need to immerse yourself as fully as possible.
最初的30天對于學(xué)習(xí)一門新的語言非常關(guān)鍵。你需要盡可能地完全投入到學(xué)習(xí)中去。

I highly recommend moving to a country where the language is spoken if you want to learn a language in 90 days. This will help you get into the language learning mindset, and will allow you to surround yourself with the new language. If you are able to move to a new country, try to live with a host family. You’ll learn a lot by eating meals with a family that hosts you.
如果你想在90天內(nèi)學(xué)會(huì)一門語言,我強(qiáng)烈建議你搬去說那個(gè)語言的國家。這會(huì)有助于你進(jìn)入語言學(xué)習(xí)的狀態(tài),讓你被這門新的語言所包圍。如果你能搬去一個(gè)新的國家,試著住進(jìn)一個(gè)寄宿家庭。你和這家人一起吃飯時(shí)就可以學(xué)到很多。

In any case, during the first month, work one on one with a private tutor—not group classes. Group classes allow you to sit back and be lazy, while a private tutor forces you to learn.
無論如何,在第一個(gè)月,和私人教師一起一步步學(xué)習(xí),不要去集體課堂。集體課堂會(huì)讓你坐在后排偷懶,而私人教師會(huì)強(qiáng)迫你學(xué)習(xí)。

This is important: you must be an active learner. Most people allow themselves to be taught to, but you have to take an active role in asking questions.
還有一點(diǎn)很重要:你必須做一個(gè)積極的學(xué)習(xí)者。大多數(shù)人在被動(dòng)接受,而你必須提出問題,扮演主動(dòng)的角色。

You’re going to start encountering a lot of words and phrases that you don’t know, both with your private tutor, and when you practice languages on your own. Enter these words in your memorization software.
在和私人教師學(xué)習(xí)或者自己練習(xí)的時(shí)候,你都會(huì)開始遇到很多不認(rèn)識(shí)的單詞和詞組。把這些詞匯輸入你的記憶軟件。

You want to start memorizing 30 words and phrases per day. Why 30? Because in 90 days, you’ll have learned 80% of the language.
你可以開始嘗試每天記憶30個(gè)單詞和詞組。為什么是30個(gè)呢?因?yàn)樵?0天內(nèi),你將會(huì)掌握這門語言的80%。

As you can see, you need to learn around 3000 to hit 80% of the words … probably enough before you can start learning words easily by context. At 30 words/day, you’ll have learned almost 3000 in 90 days.
想要學(xué)會(huì)一門語言,你需要學(xué)習(xí)大約3000個(gè)單詞來掌握80%的詞匯,這應(yīng)該已經(jīng)足夠讓你可以根據(jù)上下文就容易地猜出詞義了。保持每天30個(gè)詞的速度,90天內(nèi)你差不多可以記住3000個(gè)詞。

Days 31-60
第31-60天

After your first month, it’s time to focus on exposing yourself to the language as much as possible. After a month of private tutoring, you’ll have the ability to have basic conversations.
第一個(gè)月結(jié)束后,應(yīng)該盡可能地讓自己專注于使用這門語言。一個(gè)月的私人教學(xué)后,你應(yīng)該具備進(jìn)行基礎(chǔ)會(huì)話的能力。

If your private tutor is getting expensive, you might consider doing advanced group classes at this point—it’ll save you money and give you access to other friends who are learning the language. Just be careful of speaking only in English. Try to make it a rule to speak in the new language as much as possible. Continue with your private tutor, if possible.
如果請私人教師的費(fèi)用太高,你也許可以考慮參加高級(jí)教學(xué)班。這可以幫你省錢,也讓你有機(jī)會(huì)認(rèn)識(shí)和你一樣在學(xué)習(xí)這門語言的人。不過要注意,不要只用母語溝通。試著定一條規(guī)矩,盡可能地只用這門新的語言說話。如果可能的話繼續(xù)聘請私人教師。

Now is the time to start finding language partners. Attempt to spend a few hours everyday practicing your language. At this point, because you have a basic grasp of the language, it shouldn’t be a chore—you are basically spending time socializing with new friends.
此時(shí)可以開始找語言學(xué)習(xí)搭檔了。試著每天花幾個(gè)小時(shí)練習(xí)這門語言。因?yàn)槟阋呀?jīng)掌握了這門語言的基礎(chǔ),應(yīng)該不會(huì)覺得太困難,你可以花一些時(shí)間和新朋友進(jìn)行基本的社交。

Try reading simple books in your target language and underlining words that you don’t know. You can add these to your memorization app.
試著讀一些用該門語言寫成的簡單的書,把不懂的詞劃出來,然后添加到你的記憶應(yīng)用程序里去。

You should start trying to think in the new language. Every time you try to express a thought to yourself, but can’t remember the word, write it down in your memorization software. Continue learning 30 words and phrases per day.
你應(yīng)該試著開始用這門新的語言進(jìn)行思考。每當(dāng)你試著自我表達(dá)一種想法,卻不記得某個(gè)單詞時(shí),把這個(gè)詞添加到記憶軟件里。繼續(xù)保持每天學(xué)習(xí)30個(gè)單詞和詞組。

Days 61-90
第61-90天

By day 60, you should be in a good position to speak the language. You just simply need to keep practicing. Have deeper conversations with your language partners. Try to go out with them as much as possible—I’ve even found that a moderate amount of alcohol helps significantly with language practice.
到了第60天,你的口語應(yīng)該不錯(cuò)了。你只是需要保持練習(xí)。和你的搭檔進(jìn)行一些更深入的對話。盡可能多和他們外出,我甚至發(fā)現(xiàn)適量飲酒對語言練習(xí)有明顯的幫助。

Continue studying 30 words a day and practicing the ones you’ve already learned, and you’ll be approaching the 3000 word mark—enough to speak a language close to fluently.
繼續(xù)每天學(xué)習(xí)30個(gè)單詞,練習(xí)那些你已經(jīng)學(xué)過的,你已經(jīng)接近3000大關(guān),這已經(jīng)足夠讓你近乎流利地用這門語言說話了。

By now, you can start watching TV and reading books in your target language. Rent some DVDs in the foreign language and try to follow along. If you need to, turn on the subtitles. Don’t worry if you have trouble, because understanding film is a lot more difficult than having a one-on-one conversation.
現(xiàn)在你可以開始用這門語言看電視和讀書。借一些外語的DVD試著跟上它的節(jié)奏。如果需要,可以打開字幕。如果理解有困難也別灰心,因?yàn)榭炊徊侩娪氨让鎸γ娴膶υ捯y多了。

Keep on working on the language for several hours per day, and by the end of the month, you’ll find that you have a good grasp on the language. It’s pretty amazing what you can do in just 90 days with intense focus.
保持每天花幾個(gè)小時(shí)使用這門語言,到這個(gè)月底,你會(huì)發(fā)現(xiàn)已經(jīng)很好地掌握了它。保持高度集中,你可以在短短90天內(nèi)做到如此不可思議的事情。

Conclusion
總結(jié)

Congratulations! You’ve done it–you’ve learned a language in just 90 days. The best part is that you’ll find it much faster to learn your next language. You’ve done the hard part–learning how to learn a language.
恭喜你!你做到了!你在短短90天內(nèi)學(xué)會(huì)了一門語言。最棒的是你會(huì)發(fā)現(xiàn)學(xué)習(xí)下一門語言時(shí)會(huì)更快。你已經(jīng)完成了最難的部分,那就是學(xué)會(huì)如何學(xué)習(xí)一門語言。

You’ve unlocked a new skill. Language learning is about building a new habit—the habit of thinking and speaking in a new language. And once you perfect a single language, you’ve laid the foundation for doing even more.
你已經(jīng)掌握了一門新的技術(shù)。語言學(xué)習(xí)就是建立一種新的習(xí)慣,一種用一門新的語言思考和說話的習(xí)慣。一旦你完美掌握了一門語言,你已經(jīng)為學(xué)習(xí)更多的語言打下了基礎(chǔ)。

Imagine, the next time you meet a waiter or tourist from Italy or Mexico or Greece, you could start talking, tell a joke, and—if you can remember the punchline in time—get to experience the elation of making someone laugh in their own language.
想象一下,下次當(dāng)你遇見一個(gè)來自意大利或者墨西哥或者希臘的服務(wù)生或者游客,你可以和他聊天,講笑話(如果你能及時(shí)想得起那個(gè)笑料的話),然后體會(huì)一下用別人的母語逗他們大笑的那種得意勁吧。

聲明:本雙語文章的中文翻譯系滬江英語原創(chuàng)內(nèi)容,轉(zhuǎn)載請注明出處。中文翻譯僅代表譯者個(gè)人觀點(diǎn),僅供參考。如有不妥之處,歡迎指正。