whatever,whoever,whichever引導(dǎo)名詞性從句
一、基本用法概說英語中的-ever 詞主要包括 whatever, whoever, whichever, whenever, wherever, however 等，其中可引導(dǎo)名詞性從句的主要有 whatever, whoever, whichever等，其中可引導(dǎo)Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">。這里所說的名詞性從句主要指主語從句和賓語從句，它們通常不用于引導(dǎo)同位語從句，同時(shí)也很少用于引導(dǎo)表語從句。如：Whatever he said was right. 無論他說什么都是對(duì)的。(引導(dǎo)主語從句)I don’t believe whatever he said. 無論他說什么我都不信。(引導(dǎo)賓語從句)在某些特定的語境中，也可用于引導(dǎo)表語從句。如：
What he wants to get is whatever you have. 他想得到的是你所擁有的一切。
二、whatever引導(dǎo)的名詞性從句whatever的意思是“whatever所……的一切事或東西”，可視為what的強(qiáng)調(diào)說法，其含義大致相當(dāng)于anything that，whatever在從句中可用作主語、賓語、定語。如：Do whatever she tells you and you’ll have peace. 她叫你干什么你就干什么，那你就太平了。I don’t believe in letting children do whatever they like. 我不贊成讓孩子為所欲為。
Goats eat whatever food they can find. 山羊找到什么食物就吃什么食物。
三、whoever引導(dǎo)的名詞性從句whoever的意思“任何……的人”，在意義上大致相當(dāng)于 anybody who。whoever在從句中可用作主語或賓語。如：I’ll take whoever wants to go. 誰想去我就帶誰去。Whoever says that is a liar. 說那話的人是個(gè)騙子。She can marry whoever she chooses. 她愿意嫁誰就嫁誰。I’ll give the ticket to whoever wants it. 誰想要這票，我就把它給誰。Tell whoever you like — it makes no difference to me. 你愛告訴誰就告訴誰吧，對(duì)我是無所謂的。注：whoever既用作主語也可用作賓語(作賓語時(shí)不宜用whomever，因?yàn)樵诂F(xiàn)代英語中whomever已幾乎不用)。另外，注意以下受漢語意思影響而弄錯(cuò)的句子：誰贏了都可以獲獎(jiǎng)。PAN>誤：Who wins can get a prize.誤：Anyone wins can get a prize. 正：Whoever wins can get a prize.
正：Anyone who wins can get a prize.
四、whichever引導(dǎo)的名詞性從句man'"whichever的意思“……的那個(gè)人或事物”，在意義上大致相當(dāng)于 the person or the thing that。whichever在從句中可用作主語、賓語或定語。如：You can pick whichever one you like. 你喜歡哪個(gè)就挑哪個(gè)。Whichever of you comes first will receive a prize. 你們誰第一誰就能得獎(jiǎng)。We'll eat at whichever restaurant has a free table. 哪個(gè)飯館有空桌我們就在哪兒吃吧。
Whichever of us gets home first starts cooking. 我們當(dāng)中無論哪個(gè)先到家，哪個(gè)就先開始做飯。
五、引導(dǎo)狀語從句的用法五、引導(dǎo)狀語從句的用法whatever, whoever, whichever除用于引導(dǎo)的名詞性從句外，還可用于引導(dǎo)狀語從句，分別相當(dāng)于 no matter what, no matter who, no matter which。如：I’ll stand by you whatever [=no matter what] happens. 無論如何我都支持你。Whoever [=No matter who] wants to speak to me on the phone, tell them I’m busy. 不管誰要我接電話，就說我現(xiàn)在正忙。Whichever [=No matter which] you buy, there is a six-month guarantee. 不管買哪個(gè)都有六個(gè)月的保修期。??????????????????????????????????????????????????????????