Ⅱ.重點句型詳解

1．Ever since middle school, my sister Wang Wei and I have dreamed about taking a great bike trip. 從高中起，我姐姐王薇和我就一直夢想作一次偉大的自行車旅行。

ever since “從那以后”，句子要與現(xiàn)在完成時或現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時連用，類似的時間狀語還有 so far, up till now, by now, recently, lately, since last month, in/for the past＋ 一段時間，since...ago等。

①He came to England three years ago and has lived here ever since.他三年前來到英國，從那以后便一直住在這里。

②I haven't seen her since ten years ago.自十年前至今，我沒見過她。

③We have completed half of the work so far.到目前為止，我們完成了一半的工作。

④He hasn't written to me recently.他最近沒給我寫信。

⑤The couple have been working very hard for/in the past (last) ten years.在最近的十年里這對夫婦一直努力工作。

拓展：It is/was/has been＋時間段＋since...自從……已經(jīng)多久了。

It will be/was＋時間段＋before...再有多長時間才……

在 “It is/was＋時間段＋since...”句型中，若 since從句中的動詞為延續(xù)性動詞，句子意思要發(fā)生變化。

It is three years since he joined the army. 他參軍3年了。

It is three years since he smoked.他戒煙3年了(不吸煙)。

[即境活用1]　

(2009?天津南開中學(xué))How long do you suppose it is ______ he arrived there?
A．when　 B．before? C．a(chǎn)fter D．since

解析：考查 “It is＋一段時間＋since...”，表示“自從……到現(xiàn)在多長時間”。

答案：D

2．When I told her the air would be hard to breathe and it would be very cold, she said it would be an interesting experience.當(dāng)我告訴她那里空氣稀薄，呼吸困難而且天氣很冷時，她卻說這將是一次有趣的經(jīng)歷。

be＋adj.＋to do在“主語＋系動詞＋形容詞＋不定式”結(jié)構(gòu)中，不定式與主語在意義上是動賓關(guān)系，但要用主動形式表被動意義；如果不定式的動詞是不及物的，要在不定式后邊加介詞。用于這種句式中的形容詞常為：easy, difficult, heavy, hard, nice, bitter, dangerous, interesting, important, comfortable, pleasant, impossible 等。

①The question is easy to answer.這問題容易回答。

②That book is difficult to understand.那本書難懂。

③The water in that river is not fit to drink.那條河中的水不宜飲用。

④Harry Potter is pleasant to read.《哈利?波特》讀起來讓人感到愉快。

⑤He is easy to get along with.他很容易相處。

拓展：此句式還可以拓展為 “find/feel/think/believe＋賓語＋adj.＋to do”。例如：

I find English tongue twisters pleasant to learn.我覺得英語繞口令學(xué)起來很有意思。

[即境活用2]　

(1)(2008?全國Ⅰ)I like getting up very early in summer. The morning air is so good ______.
A．to be breathed B．to breathe C．breathing D．being breathed

解析：考查 be＋adj.＋to do結(jié)構(gòu)。

答案：B

(2)They found the lecture hard ______； they all felt sleepy.

A．to be understood B．for understanding C．to understand D．to have been understood

解析：考查 “find＋賓語＋adj.＋to do”結(jié)構(gòu)。

答案：C

3．Once she has made up her mind, nothing can change it.她一旦下了決心，什么也不能使她改變。

“once＋狀語從句”意為“一旦……就……”。

在 once引導(dǎo)的狀語從句中常用一般現(xiàn)在時代替將來時。

①Once you remember it, you'll never forget it.一旦你記住它，你就永遠(yuǎn)不會忘記它。

②Once you have promised, you must do it.一旦你許下諾言，你就必須履行。

拓展：once 用做副詞，可表示：

(1)(for) one time 一次

I have only been here once. 我只來過這兒一次。

(2)at some time in the past 一度，曾經(jīng)

He once lived in Zambia. 他曾經(jīng)(一度)住在贊比亞。

(3)all at once＝suddenly 突然

All at once the door opened. 突然門開了。

[即境活用3]　

(2007?福建)You will be successful in the interview ______ you have confidence.
A．before B．once? C．until D．though

解析：考查 once引導(dǎo)帶有時間意味的條件狀語從句，意為“一旦……就……”。

答案：B

4．A determined person always tries to finish the job, no matter how hard it is.一個意志堅定的人總是努力完成工作，不管它多么困難。

no matter ，作“不管”“無論”解，同 what/who/when/where/how 等疑問詞連用，引導(dǎo)讓步狀語從句。

①No matter what he says, I won't believe him.不管他說什么，我都不會相信他。

②No matter when you come, you are welcome.無論你什么時候來都受歡迎。

③No matter whose bag this is, it must be kept here for the present. 不管這是誰的包，暫時必須放在這里。

④No matter who knocks, don't open the door.不管誰敲門，都不要開門。

提示：(1)no matter what/who/when/how/where 可以換成 whatever/whoever/whenever/however/wherever 引導(dǎo)讓步狀語從句。

(2)whatever, whichever，whoever, whomever 還可以引導(dǎo)名詞性從句。 Whoever breaks the law should be punished. 任何違犯了法律的人都應(yīng)受到懲罰。

(3)however 是副詞，修飾形容詞、副詞＋主＋謂； whatever 是代詞，修飾的是名詞。如：

①However difficult it is, you must work it out.
不管有多難，你都要解決這件事。

②Whatever difficulty there is, we must work together.
不管有什么樣的困難我們都要團(tuán)結(jié)合作。

[即境活用4]

(1)(2008?上海)______ well prepared you are, you still need a lot of luck in mountain climbing.
A．However B．Whatever C．No matter D．Although

解析：考查 “however＋adj.＋主＋系動詞”引導(dǎo)讓步狀語從句。

答案：A

(2)(2008?全國Ⅰ)The lawyer seldom wears anything other than a suit ______ the season.
A．whatever B．wherever? C．whenever D．however

解析：whatever 引導(dǎo)讓步狀語從句，意為“不管什么”。該句后半部分的完整形式應(yīng)該是 whatever the season is。

答案：A