閱讀基本功 - 長(zhǎng)難句過(guò)關(guān)(第二十七期)
第五章 分詞和從句
????分詞(包括現(xiàn)在分詞和過(guò)去分詞)和分詞短語(yǔ)在英語(yǔ)中使用非常普遍,在句子中可以充當(dāng)補(bǔ)語(yǔ),定語(yǔ),狀語(yǔ)等成分。在成分復(fù)雜的句子中,有時(shí)分詞的出現(xiàn)易同謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的被動(dòng)式或者進(jìn)行時(shí)搞混,造成句子主干的判斷錯(cuò)誤。帶有自己主語(yǔ)的分詞獨(dú)立結(jié)構(gòu)由于同非限制性定語(yǔ)從句和插入語(yǔ)一樣需要逗號(hào)同句子的其他成分分開(kāi),因此常會(huì)誤認(rèn)為是非限制性定語(yǔ)或插入語(yǔ)。有些從句,尤其是定語(yǔ)從句,其形式變化很多,在句子中也易同其他句子成分混淆。
Excrise
In fact, "learning to use a computer" is like "learning to play a game", but learning the rules of one game may not help you play a second game, whose rules may not be the same.
Those who oppose the building of flats base their case primarily on the assumption that everyone prefers an individual home and garden and on the high cost per unit of accommodation.
My point is that the frequent complaint of one generation about the one immediately following it is inevitable.
要點(diǎn): "learning to use a computer"和" learning to play a game"均為動(dòng)名詞短語(yǔ),分別做主語(yǔ)和表語(yǔ)。but連接兩個(gè)并列句,其中后一句里"whose rules may not be the same"為非限制性定語(yǔ)從句,修飾"a second game."
譯文:事實(shí)上,學(xué)習(xí)使用計(jì)算機(jī)就像學(xué)玩游戲一樣,但是學(xué)了一個(gè)游戲規(guī)則可能無(wú)助于你玩第二個(gè)游戲,因?yàn)橛螒虻囊?guī)則可能有所不同。
要點(diǎn): "those"后有定語(yǔ)從句修飾。該定語(yǔ)從句為:who oppose the building of flats."the assumption"后有一同位語(yǔ)從句修飾,即"that everyone prefers an individual home and garden". "base on"有"the assumption"和" the high cost"兩個(gè)并列短語(yǔ)。
譯文:那些反對(duì)建公寓的人所根據(jù)的主要理由是,他們認(rèn)為每個(gè)人都想擁有單獨(dú)的住宅和花園,另外,公寓樓每個(gè)居住單元的成本太高。
要點(diǎn):that引導(dǎo)的是一個(gè)表語(yǔ)從句,這個(gè)表語(yǔ)從句的主干結(jié)構(gòu)為"the complaint is inevitable"."complaint"由后面的介詞短語(yǔ)"of one generation about the one(generation) immediately following it"修飾。
譯文:我要強(qiáng)調(diào)的是一代人對(duì)其下一代的抱怨是不可避免的.
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