1.Because of the very high open -loop voltage gain of the op-amp,the output is driven into positive saturation(close to+V)when the sample voltage goes slightly above the reference voltage ,and driven into negative saturation (close to -V)when the sample voltage goes slightly below the reference voltage.
1.由于運(yùn)放的開(kāi)環(huán)電壓增益很高，當(dāng)取樣電壓略高于參考電壓時(shí)，輸出趨向于正向飽和狀態(tài)（接近+V）。當(dāng)取樣電壓低于參考電壓時(shí)，輸出趨向于負(fù)向飽和狀態(tài)（接近-V）。

2.Both N-type and P-type semiconductors are made by treated materials,such as germanium and silicon with impurities such as arsenic and indium.
2.N型半導(dǎo)體和P型半導(dǎo)體是利用雜質(zhì)摻入純凈半導(dǎo)體而形成的，如將雜質(zhì)砷和銦摻入鍺和硅中。

3.By comparison,most other forms of transmission systems convey the message information using the shape,or level of the transmitted signal;parameters that are most easily affected by the noise and attenuation introduced by the transmission path.
3.相比之下，許多其他形式的傳輸系統(tǒng)是利用被傳信號(hào)的波形或電平的高低來(lái)傳送信息的，而這些參數(shù)又極易受到傳輸路徑中的噪聲和衰耗的影響。

4. Digital transmission system-embodied by telegraph systems-were developed in the 1850s before analog systems-the telephone-in the twentieth century.
4.以電報(bào)為代表的數(shù)字傳輸系統(tǒng)研發(fā)于19世紀(jì)50年代，早于以電話為代表的模擬系統(tǒng)，它是20世紀(jì)才開(kāi)發(fā)的。

5.Depending on the relationship between the signal frequencies and the sampling rate,spectral inversion may cause the shape of the spectrum in the base and to be inverted from the true spectrum of the signal.
5.根據(jù)信號(hào)頻率和采樣頻率之間的關(guān)系的不同，可能出現(xiàn)“頻譜反轉(zhuǎn)”現(xiàn)象—基帶頻譜的形狀和信號(hào)真實(shí)頻譜的形狀正好相反。

6.Each element has a separate identity of its own,that is,no two elements have the same physical and chemical properties,nor can an element be subdivided by ordinary physical and chemical means into simple element.
6.每一種元素均有它自己的標(biāo)識(shí)，也就是說(shuō)，沒(méi)有兩個(gè)元素具有相同的物理和化學(xué)特性，一種元素也不能以普通的物理或化學(xué)方法被分為兩種簡(jiǎn)單的元素。