2004-2011高考單項(xiàng)選擇真題匯編—情態(tài)動(dòng)詞和虛擬語(yǔ)氣
2011年高考題
1.(2011全國(guó)卷,32)
They ______ have arrived at lunchtime but their flight was delayed.
答案 D
解析:考查虛擬語(yǔ)氣的用法。句意為“他們本該午飯時(shí)到達(dá),但他們的航班推遲了?!眞ill have done將來(lái)可以完成;can have done可能做過(guò)……嗎?表示對(duì)過(guò)去行為的懷疑,用于疑問(wèn)句;must have done一定做過(guò)某事,表示對(duì)過(guò)去事情的肯定推測(cè);should have done本來(lái)應(yīng)該做某事,而實(shí)際沒(méi)做。but their flight was delayed這樣的結(jié)果,說(shuō)明他們本來(lái)該到達(dá)卻沒(méi)有到達(dá),因此選D。
2.(2011全國(guó)卷II,8)
If you ______ smoke, please go outside.
A. can B. should C. must D. may
答案 C
解析:考查情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的用法。句意為“如果你非得要抽煙,請(qǐng)到外面去抽?!眒ust (表示主張)一定要,堅(jiān)持要。根據(jù)后一句please go outside的要求,選C。
3.(2011北京卷,24)
——I don’t really like James. Why did you invite him?
——Don’t worry. He ______ come. He said he wasn’t certain what his plans were.
A. must not B. need not C. would not D. might not
答案 D
解析:考查情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的用法。句意為“——我真不喜歡James。你為何請(qǐng)了他?——?jiǎng)e擔(dān)心。他可能來(lái)不了。他說(shuō)他的計(jì)劃還沒(méi)安排好?!鳖}干中的he wasn’t certain說(shuō)明他可能不來(lái),可能來(lái),因此使用不完全否定might not。選D。
4.(2011北京卷,28)
——Where are the children? The dinner’s going to be completely ruined.
——I wish they ______ always late.
A. weren’t B. hadn’t been C. wouldn’t be D. wouldn’t have been
答案 A
解析:考查虛擬語(yǔ)氣的用法。句意為“——孩子們哪兒去了?這頓飯快要吃不起來(lái)了?!业杆麄儾灰鲜沁t到。”wish引出虛擬語(yǔ)氣,題干中出現(xiàn)always,從句虛擬使用一般過(guò)去時(shí)。
選A。
5.(2011北京卷,30)
Maybe if I ______ science, and not literature then, I would be able to give you more help.
A. studied B. would study C. had studied D. was studying
答案 C
解析:考查虛擬語(yǔ)氣的用法。句意為“或許當(dāng)初我要是學(xué)了理科而不是文科,現(xiàn)在就能給你更多的幫助。”then表示過(guò)去的時(shí)間,if引導(dǎo)的從句是對(duì)過(guò)去的虛擬,因此使用過(guò)去完成時(shí)。選C。
6.(2011天津卷,15)
I ______ sooner but I didn’t know that they were waiting for me.
A. had come B. was coming C. would come D. would have come
答案 D
解析:考查虛擬語(yǔ)氣的用法。句意為“我本來(lái)可以早點(diǎn)來(lái),但我真不知道他們?cè)诘任?。”but I didn’t know表示了過(guò)去時(shí)間,因此前句是對(duì)過(guò)去的虛擬,用主語(yǔ)+should / would / could /?might + have done表達(dá),故選D。
7.(2011上海春招,27)
Some young people these days just ______ go out of their homes to contact the real world.
A. mustn’t B. won’t C. mightn’t D. shouldn’t
答案 B
解析:考查情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的用法。句意為“現(xiàn)在一些年輕人就是不愿意走出家門(mén)接觸真正的世界?!眒ustn’t禁止,不允許;won’t不愿意,就是不,偏不,具有主觀性;mightn’t可能不;shouldn’t不應(yīng)該。根據(jù)句意選B。
8.(2011江蘇卷,34)
——I left my handbag on the train, but luckily someone gave it to a railway official.
——How unbelievable to get it back! I mean, someone ______ it.
A. will have stolen B. might have stolen C. should have stolen D. must have stolen
答案 B
解析:考查虛擬語(yǔ)氣的用法。句意為“——我把我的手提包落在火車上了。但幸運(yùn)的是,有人拾到交給了鐵路部門(mén)?!Ф鴱?fù)得,簡(jiǎn)直難以置信!我是說(shuō),本來(lái)可能有人會(huì)偷了去。”will?have done將來(lái)可以完成,must have done一定做過(guò)某事,表示對(duì)過(guò)去事情的肯定推測(cè),都與題意不符。should have done本來(lái)應(yīng)該做某事,而實(shí)際沒(méi)做,這就意味著希望有人偷包。might?have stolen 過(guò)去可能做過(guò),語(yǔ)氣比較婉轉(zhuǎn)或不肯定,根據(jù)句意選B。
9.(2011福建卷,25)
——Shall I inform him of the change of the schedule right now?
——I am afraid you ______, in case he comes late for the meeting .
答案 B
解析:考查情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的用法。句意為“——需要我現(xiàn)在就通知他計(jì)劃有變嗎?——恐怕你得這樣做,以防他開(kāi)會(huì)遲到?!眒ust (表示必要、命令或強(qiáng)制)必須,得。根據(jù)后半句,選B。
10.(2011福建卷,34)
——Pity you missed the lecture on nuclear pollution.
——I ______ it, but I was busy preparing for a job interview.
ed attended attend have attended
答案 D
解析:考查虛擬語(yǔ)氣的用法。句意為“——真可惜你錯(cuò)過(guò)了那場(chǎng)有關(guān)核污染的講座?!冶究梢匀ヂ?tīng)的,但我當(dāng)時(shí)忙于工作面試?!睂?duì)過(guò)去的虛擬,用主語(yǔ)+should / would / could /?might + have done表達(dá),故選D。
11.(2011安徽卷, 26)
——What do you think of store shopping in the future?
——Personally, I think it will exist along with home shopping but _____.
A. will never replace B. would never replace
C. will never be replaced D. would never be replaced
答案 C
解析:考查情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的用法。句意為“——你對(duì)將來(lái)的商店購(gòu)物怎么看?——我個(gè)人認(rèn)為會(huì)與在家購(gòu)物并存,但商店購(gòu)物不會(huì)被取代?!备鶕?jù)I think it will exist along with homeshopping,排除虛擬的選項(xiàng)D,這是表示將來(lái)的時(shí)間,考慮到被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài),選C。
12.(2011浙江卷,11)
——How’s your new babysitter?
——We ______ ask for a better one. All our kids love her so much.
A. should C. mustn‘t D. couldn’t
答案 D
解析:考查情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的用法。句意為“——你的新保姆怎么樣?——找不到更好的了。我們的孩子們很喜歡她?!眘hould應(yīng)該;might可能,可以;mustn‘t禁止;couldn’t不可能。根據(jù)句意選D。
13.(2011四川卷,20)
The police still haven’t found the lost child, but they’re doing all they ______.
答案 A
解析:考查情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的用法。句意為“警方依然沒(méi)有找到失蹤的孩子,但他們現(xiàn)在正在做他們所能做的一切?!眂an可以,能夠;may可能,許可;must必須;should應(yīng)該。根據(jù)句意,選A。
14.(2011重慶卷,25)
——Why didn’t you come to Simon’s party last night?
—— I wanted to ,but my mom simply ______ not let me out so late at night.
A. could B. might C. would D. should
答案 C
解析:考查情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的用法。句意為“——昨晚你為什么沒(méi)來(lái)參加Simon的聚會(huì)?——我想來(lái)的,但我媽媽就是不愿我這么晚出來(lái)?!眂ould可以,能夠,表示可能性或用于婉轉(zhuǎn)語(yǔ)氣;might可能,表示不確定;would愿意,偏要,表示意志;should應(yīng)該,表示建議、命令、決定等。根據(jù)題意選C。
15.(2011陜西卷,22)
I _____ through that bitter period without your generous help.
A. couldn’t have gone B. didn’t go C. wouldn’t go D. hadn’t gone
答案 A
解析:考查虛擬語(yǔ)氣的用法。句意為“沒(méi)有你的慷慨幫助,我是不可能度過(guò)那段痛苦的時(shí)期的?!眛hat bitter period表示過(guò)去的時(shí)間,對(duì)過(guò)去的虛擬語(yǔ)氣用主語(yǔ)+should / would / could /?might + have done表達(dá),故選A。
16.(2011陜西卷,24)
——Will you read me a story ,Mummy?
——OK. You ______ have one if you go to bed as soon as possible.
A. might B. must C. could D. shall
答案 D
解析:考查情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的用法。句意為“——媽媽,可以讀一個(gè)故事給我聽(tīng)嗎?——好的,如果你馬上上床睡覺(jué)的話?!眘hall 用于陳述句中的第二、第三人稱時(shí),表示說(shuō)話人的意圖、允諾、警告、命令、決心等,題中是母親對(duì)兒子的承諾,故選D。
17.(2011湖南卷,28)
No one _______ be compared with Yao Ming in playing basketball.
A. can B. need C. must D. might
答案 A
解析:考查情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的用法。句意為“在打籃球方面沒(méi)人能比得上姚明?!眂an可以,能夠;need需要;must必須;might可能。故根據(jù)題意,選A。
18.(2011遼寧卷,21)
If you ______ go, at least wait until the storm is over.
A. can B. may C. must D. will
答案 C
解析:考查情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的用法。句意為“如果你非得走話,至少也要等到這暴風(fēng)雨過(guò)去后?!眂an可以,能夠;may 可能,許可;must(表示主張)一定要,堅(jiān)持要;will將要,愿意。根據(jù)后句的勸告,選C。
19.(2011江西卷23)It _______ be the postman at the door. It’s only six o’clock.
A. mustn’t ’t
答案:B
解析:考查虛擬語(yǔ)氣的用法。句意為“不可能是郵遞員在門(mén)口,才六點(diǎn)鐘呢?!眒ustn’t 禁止,不允許;can’t 不可能;won’t 不愿意,就是不,偏不;needn’t 不需要。根據(jù)后一句中“現(xiàn)在僅僅是六點(diǎn)”,only一詞肯定語(yǔ)氣強(qiáng)烈,前一句為門(mén)外的絕不可能是郵遞員。故選B。
20.(2011江西卷28)We _____ John’s name on the race list yesterday but for his recent injury.
put B. will have put C. would put D. would have put
答案:D
解析:考查虛擬語(yǔ)氣的用法。句意為“要不是因?yàn)樗罱軅?,我們本?yīng)該把John的名字加進(jìn)昨天的比賽名單中?!眀ut for 是虛擬語(yǔ)氣的提示,yesterday表示過(guò)去的時(shí)間。對(duì)過(guò)去的虛擬,用主語(yǔ)+should / would / could / might + have done表達(dá),故選D。