【讀書筆記】《沉思錄》卷六08
?
?本書簡介：
《沉思錄》是古羅馬皇帝奧勒留寫給自己的書，內(nèi)容大部分是他在鞍馬勞頓中寫成的。作品來自奧勒留對身羈宮廷的自己和自己所處混亂世界的感受，追求一種冷靜而達觀的生活。這部著作是斯多葛學派的一個里程碑，亦是溫總理放在枕邊，讀了不下百遍的書。
本書原文由古希臘文而作，英文版選擇比較權(quán)威的George Long的版本，中文版選擇何懷宏的版本作參考。筆記中的英文釋義摘自《牛津高階英漢雙解詞典》
?作者簡介：
馬可?奧勒留（Marcus Aurelius，公元121—180年），著名的“帝王哲學家”，古羅馬帝國皇帝，在希臘文學和拉丁文學、修辭、哲學、法律、繪畫方面受過很好的教育，晚期斯多葛學派代表人物之一。奧勒留也許是西方歷史上唯一的一位哲學家皇帝。他是一個比他的帝國更加完美的人，他的勤奮工作最終并沒有能夠挽救古羅馬，但是他的《沉思錄》卻成為西方歷史上的偉大名著。
卷六08
6.24?If the gods have determined about me and about the things which must happen to me, they have determined well, for it is not easy even to imagine a deity without forethought; and as to doing me harm, why should they have any desire towards that? For what advantage would result to them from this or to the whole, which is the special object of their providence? But if they have not determined about me individually, they have certainly determined about the whole at least, and the things which happen by way of sequence in this general arrangement I ought to accept with pleasure and to be content with them. But if they determine about nothing- which it is wicked to believe, or if we do believe it, let us neither sacrifice nor pray nor swear by them nor do anything else which we do as if the gods were present and lived with us- but if however the gods determine about none of the things which concern us, I am able to determine about myself, and I can inquire about that which is useful; and that is useful to every man which is conformable to his own constitution and nature. But my nature is rational and social; and my city and country, so far as I am Antoninus, is Rome, but so far as I am a man, it is the world. The things then which are useful to these cities are alone useful to me. Whatever happens to every man, this is for the interest of the universal: this might be sufficient. But further thou wilt observe this also as a general truth, if thou dost observe, that whatever is profitable to any man is profitable also to other men. But let the word profitable be taken here in the common sense as said of things of the middle kind, neither good nor bad.
?Notes：
deity?[n][countable]?a god or goddess
?
6.25?Think continually that all kinds of men and of all kinds of pursuits and of all nations are dead, so that thy thoughts come down even to Philistion and Phoebus and Origanion. Now turn thy thoughts to the other kinds of men. To that place then we must remove, where there are so many great orators, and so many noble philosophers, Heraclitus, Pythagoras, Socrates; so many heroes of former days, and so many generals after them, and tyrants; besides these, Eudoxus, Hipparchus, Archimedes, and other men of acute natural talents, great minds, lovers of labour, versatile, confident, mockers even of the perishable and ephemeral life of man, as Menippus and such as are like him. As to all these consider that they have long been in the dust. What harm then is this to them; and what to those whose names are altogether unknown? One thing here is worth a great deal, to pass thy life in truth and justice, with a benevolent disposition even to liars and unjust men.?
?Notes：
orator [n]a person who makes formal speeches in public or is good at public speaking
perishable [adj]likely to decay or go bad quickly
ephemeral [adj]?lasting or used for only a short period of time
?先嘗試自己翻譯一下吧，參考譯文見下：
中文翻譯：
6.24?如果神靈對于我，對于必須發(fā)生于我的事情，都已經(jīng)做出了決定，那么他們的決定便是恰當?shù)?，因為即便想像一個沒有遠見的神都是不容易的。至于說加給我傷害，為什么他們會打算那樣做呢？因為，那樣做對他們，或者對作為他們特別眷顧的對象的整體，會產(chǎn)生什么好處呢？但假如他們對我并沒有做出個別決定，他們也一定至少對整體做出了決定，在這個總的安排里依次發(fā)生的事情，我應該欣然接受，并且滿足。但如果他們完全沒有決定－相信這個，乃是一件犯罪的事情，如果我們真相信這個，就讓我們不祭祀，也不祈禱，也不對他們發(fā)誓，也不做任何別的好像神靈在面前并且同我們生活在一起時我們所做的事情吧－但是，假如神靈沒有決定任何牽涉到我們的事情，我就能決定我自己了，就能對有用的事物加以考究了；符合于一個人自己的和社會的，就我是安東尼來說，我的城市與國家是羅馬；但就我是一個人來說，我的國家就是這個世界。因此，對于這些城市有用的，對我才是有用的。無論什么事情發(fā)生于每一個人，這是為了宇宙的利益的：這可能就足夠了。但你要進一步把這視為一個普遍真理，如果你這樣做了，那對于任何一個人都有用的東西也就對其他人是有用了。但是在此讓"有用"這個詞表示像通常說中性的東西那樣的意義，也就是說既非好也非壞。
6.25?不斷地思考，所有種類的人、所有種類的追求和所有的國家都消失了，以致你的思想甚至回溯到腓力斯遜、菲伯斯、奧里更尼安。現(xiàn)在把你的思想轉(zhuǎn)向其他種類的人，轉(zhuǎn)向那你必須退回的地方，那兒有如此多的雄辯家；如此多的高貴哲學家：赫拉克利特、畢達哥拉斯、蘇格拉底；如此多的以前時代的英雄，如此多的追隨他們的將軍，以及暴君；除此之外，還有尤多克烏斯、希帕爾克斯、阿基米德和別的具有巨大天賦、胸襟博大、熱愛勞作、多才多藝和充滿自信的人，甚至那些嘲弄人的短暫和速朽生命的人，如門尼帕斯及類似于他的人。當想著所有這些時考慮他們都早已化為灰塵。那么，這對他們有什么損害呢，這對那名字完全被人忘地的人們有什么損害呢？在此只有一件事有很高的價值：就是真誠和正直地度過你的一生，甚至對說謊者和不公正的人也持一種仁愛的態(tài)度。