中華人民共和國環(huán)境保護法(1)
中華人民共和國環(huán)境保護法
Environmental Protection Law of the People's Republic of China
第一條? 為保護和改善生活環(huán)境與生態(tài)環(huán)境，防治污染和其他公害，保障人體健康，促進社會主義現(xiàn)代化建設的發(fā)展，制定本法。
Article 1. This Law is formulated for the purpose of protecting and improving people's environment and the ecological environment, preventing and controlling pollution and other public hazards, safeguarding human health and facilitating the development of socialist modernization.
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??? 第二條? 本法所稱環(huán)境，是指影響人類生存和發(fā)展的各種天然的和經(jīng)過人工改造的自然因素的總體，包括大氣、水、海洋、土地、礦藏、森林、草原、野生生物、自然遺跡、人文遺跡、自然保護區(qū)、風景名勝區(qū)、城市和鄉(xiāng)村等。
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Article 2. " Environment " as used in this Law refers to the total body of all natural elements and artificially transformed natural elements affecting human existence and development, which includes the atmosphere, water, seas, land, minerals, forests, grasslands, wildlife, natural and human remains, nature reserves, historic sites and scenic spots, and urban and rural areas.
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??? 第三條? 本法適用于中華人民共和國領域和中華人民共和國管轄的其他海域。
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Article 3. This Law shall apply to the territory of the People's Republic of China and other sea areas under the jurisdiction of the People's Republic of China.
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??? 第四條? 國家制定的環(huán)境保護規(guī)劃必須納入國民經(jīng)濟和社會發(fā)展計劃，國家采取有利于環(huán)境保護的經(jīng)濟、技術政策和措施，使環(huán)境保護工作同經(jīng)濟建設和社會發(fā)展相協(xié)調(diào)。
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Article 4. The plans for environmental protection formulated by the state must be incorporated into the national economic and social development plans; the state shall adopt economic and technological policies and measures favourable for environmental protection so as to coordinate the work of environmental protection with economic construction and social development.
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??? 第五條? 國家鼓勵環(huán)境保護科學教育事業(yè)的發(fā)展，加強環(huán)境保護科學技術的研究和開發(fā)，提高環(huán)境保護科學技術水平，普及環(huán)境保護的科學知識。
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Article 5. The state shall encourage the development of education in the science of environmental protection, strengthen the study and development of the science and technology of environmental protection, raise the scientific and technological level of environmental protection and popularize scientific knowledge of environmental protection.
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??? 第六條? 一切單位和個人都有保護環(huán)境的義務，并有權對污染和破壞環(huán)境的單位和個人進行檢舉和控告。
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Article 6. All units and individuals shall have the obligation to protect the environment and shall have the right to report on or file charges against units or individuals that cause pollution or damage to the environment.
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??? 第七條? 國務院環(huán)境保護行政主管部門，對全國環(huán)境保護工作實施統(tǒng)一監(jiān)督管理。
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Article 7. The competent department of environmental protection administration under the State Council shall conduct unified supervision and management of the environmental protection work throughout the country.
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??? 縣級以上地方人民政府環(huán)境保護行政主管部門，對本轄區(qū)的環(huán)境保護工作實施統(tǒng)一監(jiān)督管理。
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The competent departments of environmental protection administration of the local people's governments at or above the county level shall conduct unified supervision and management of the environmental protection work within areas under their jurisdiction.
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??? 國家海洋行政主管部門、港務監(jiān)督、漁政漁港監(jiān)督、軍隊環(huán)境保護部門和各級公安、交通、鐵道、民航管理部門，依照有關法律的規(guī)定對環(huán)境污染防治實施監(jiān)督管理。
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The state administrative department of marine affairs, the harbour superintendency administration, the fisheries administration and fishing harbour superintendency agencies, the environmental protection department of the armed forces and the administrative departments of public security, transportation, railways and civil aviation at various levels shall, in accordance with the provisions of relevant laws, conduct supervision and management of the prevention and control of environmental pollution.
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??? 縣級以上人民政府的土地、礦產(chǎn)、林業(yè)、農(nóng)業(yè)、水利行政主管部門，依照有關法律的規(guī)定對資源的保護實施監(jiān)督管理。
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The competent administrative departments of land, minerals, forestry, agriculture and water conservancy of the people's governments at or above the county level shall, in accordance with the provisions of relevant laws, conduct supervision and management of the protection of natural resources.
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??? 第八條? 對保護和改善環(huán)境有顯著成績的單位和個人，由人民政府給予獎勵。
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Article 8. The people's government shall give awards to units and individuals that have made outstanding achievements in protecting and improving the environment.
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第二章? 環(huán)境監(jiān)督管理
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CHAPTER II SUPERVISION AND MANAGEMENT OF THE ENVIRONMENT
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??? 第九條? 國務院環(huán)境保護行政主管部門制定國家環(huán)境質(zhì)量標準。
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Article 9. The competent department of environmental protection administration under the State Council shall establish the national standards for environment quality.
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??? 省、自治區(qū)、直轄市人民政府對國家環(huán)境質(zhì)量標準中未作規(guī)定的項目，可以制定地方環(huán)境質(zhì)量標準，并報國務院環(huán)境保護行政主管部門備案。
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The people's governments of provinces, autonomous regions and municipalities directly under the Central Government may establish their local standards for environment quality for items not specified in the national standards for environment quality and shall report them to the competent department of environmental protection administration under the State Council for the record.
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??? 第十條? 國務院環(huán)境保護行政主管部門根據(jù)國家環(huán)境質(zhì)量標準和國家經(jīng)濟、技術條件，制定國家污染物排放標準。
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Article 10. The competent department of environmental protection administration under the State Council shall, in accordance with the national standards for environment quality and the country's economic and technological conditions, establish the national standards for the discharge of pollutants.
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??? 省、自治區(qū)、直轄市人民政府對國家污染物排放標準中未作規(guī)定的項目，可以制定地方污染物排放標準；對國家污染物排放標準中已作規(guī)定的項目，可以制定嚴于國家污染物排放標準的地方污染物排放標準。地方污染物排放標準須報國務院環(huán)境保護行政主管部門備案。
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The people's governments of provinces, autonomous regions and municipalities directly under the Central Government may establish their local standards for the discharge of pollutants for items not specified in the national standards; with regard to items already specified in the national standards, they may set local standards which are more stringent than the national standards and report the same to the competent department of environmental protection administration under the State Council for the record.
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??? 凡是向已有地方污染物排放標準的區(qū)域排放污染物的，應當執(zhí)行地方污染物排放標準。
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Units that discharge pollutants in areas where the local standards for the discharge of pollutants have been established shall observe such local standards.
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??? 第十一條? 國務院環(huán)境保護行政主管部門建立監(jiān)測制度，制定監(jiān)測規(guī)范，會同有關部門組織監(jiān)測網(wǎng)絡，加強對環(huán)境監(jiān)測的管理。
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Article 11. The competent department of environmental protection administration under the State Council shall establish a monitoring system, formulate the monitoring norm and, in conjunction with relevant departments, organize a monitoring network and strengthen the management of environmental monitoring.
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??? 國務院和省、自治區(qū)、直轄市人民政府的環(huán)境保護行政主管部門，應當定期發(fā)布環(huán)境狀況公報。
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?The competent departments of environmental protection administration under the State Council and governments of provinces, autonomous regions and municipalities directly under the Central Government shall regularly issue bulletins on environmental situations.
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??? 第十二條? 縣級以上人民政府環(huán)境保護行政主管部門，應當會同有關部門對管轄范圍內(nèi)的環(huán)境狀況進行調(diào)查和評價，擬訂環(huán)境保護規(guī)劃，經(jīng)計劃部門綜合平衡后，報同級人民政府批準實施。
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Article 12. The competent departments of environmental protection administration of the people's governments at or above the county level shall, in conjunction with relevant departments, make an investigation and an assessment of the environmental situation within areas under their jurisdiction, draw up plans for environmental protection which shall, subject to overall balancing by the department of planning, be submitted to the people' s government at the same level for approval before implementation.
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??? 第十三條? 建設污染環(huán)境的項目，必須遵守國家有關建設項目環(huán)境保護管理的規(guī)定。
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Article 13. Units constructing projects that cause pollution to the environment must observe the state provisions concerning environmental protection for such construction projects.
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??? 建設項目的環(huán)境影響報告書，必須對建設項目產(chǎn)生的污染和對環(huán)境的影響作出評價，規(guī)定防治措施，經(jīng)項目主管部門預審并依照規(guī)定的程序報環(huán)境保護行政主管部門批準。
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The environmental impact statement on a construction project must assess the pollution the project is likely to produce and its impact on the environment and stipulate the preventive and curative measures; the statement shall, after initial examination by the authorities in charge of the construction project, be submitted by specified procedure to the competent department of environmental protection administration for approval.
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環(huán)境影響報告書經(jīng)批準后，計劃部門方可批準建設項目設計任務書。
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The department of planning shall not ratify the design plan descriptions of the construction project until after the environmental impact statement on the construction project is approved.
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??? 第十四條? 縣級以上人民政府環(huán)境保護行政主管部門或者其他依照法律規(guī)定行使環(huán)境監(jiān)督管理權的部門，有權對管轄范圍內(nèi)的排污單位進行現(xiàn)場檢查。
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Article 14. The competent departments of environmental protection administration of the people's governments at or above the county level or other departments invested by law with power to conduct environmental supervision and management shall be empowered to make on-site inspections of units under their jurisdiction that discharge pollutants.
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被檢查的單位應當如實反映情況，提供必要的資料。檢查機關應當為被檢查的單位保守技術秘密和業(yè)務秘密。
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The units being inspected shall truthfully report the situation to them and provide them with the necessary information. The inspecting authorities shall keep confidential the technological know-how and business secrets of the units inspected.
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??? 第十五條? 跨行政區(qū)的環(huán)境污染和環(huán)境破壞的防治工作，由有關地方人民政府協(xié)商解決，或者由上級人民政府協(xié)調(diào)解決，作出決定。
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Article 15. Work for the prevention and control of the environmental pollution and damage that involve various administrative areas shall be conducted by the relevant local people's governments through negotiation, or by decision of the people's government at a higher level through mediation.
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第三章? 保護和改善環(huán)境
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CHAPTER III PROTECTION AND IMPROVEMENT OF THE ENVIRONMENT
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??? 第十六條? 地方各級人民政府，應當對本轄區(qū)的環(huán)境質(zhì)量負責，采取措施改善環(huán)境質(zhì)量。
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Article 16. The local people's governments at various levels shall be responsible for the environment quality of areas under their jurisdiction and take measures to improve the environment quality.
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??? 第十七條? 各級人民政府對具有代表性的各種類型的自然生態(tài)系統(tǒng)區(qū)域，珍稀、瀕危的野生動植物自然分布區(qū)域，重要的水源涵養(yǎng)區(qū)域，具有重大科學文化價值的地質(zhì)構造、著名溶洞和化石分布區(qū)、冰川、火山、溫泉等自然遺跡，以及人文遺跡、古樹名木，應當采取措施加以保護，嚴禁破壞。
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Article 17. The people's governments at various levels shall take measures to protect regions representing various types of natural ecological systems, regions with a natural distribution of rare and endangered wild animals and plants, regions where major sources of water are conserved, geological structures of major scientific and cultural value, famous regions where karst caves and fossil deposits are distributed, traces of glaciers, volcanoes and hot springs, traces of human history, and ancient and precious trees. Damage to the above shall be strictly forbidden.
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??? 第十八條? 在國務院、國務院有關主管部門和省、自治區(qū)、直轄市人民政府劃定的風景名勝區(qū)、自然保護區(qū)和其他需要特別保護的區(qū)域內(nèi)，不得建設污染環(huán)境的工業(yè)生產(chǎn)設施；建設其他設施，其污染物排放不得超過規(guī)定的排放標準。
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Article 18. Within the scenic spots or historic sites, nature reserves and other zones that need special protection, as designated by the State Council, the relevant competent department under the State Council, and the people's governments of provinces, autonomous regions and municipalities directly under the Central Government, no industrial production installations that cause environmental pollution shall be built; other installations to be built in these areas must not exceed the prescribed standards for the discharge of pollutants.
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已經(jīng)建成的設施，其污染物排放超過規(guī)定的排放標準的，限期治理。
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If the installations that have been built discharge more pollutants than are specified by the prescribed discharge standards, such pollution shall be eliminated or controlled within a prescribed period of time.
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??? 第十九條? 開發(fā)利用自然資源，必須采取措施保護生態(tài)環(huán)境。
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Article 19. Measures must be taken to protect the ecological environment while natural resources are being developed or utilized.
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??? 第二十條? 各級人民政府應當加強對農(nóng)業(yè)環(huán)境的保護，防治土壤污染、土地沙化、鹽漬化、貧瘠化、沼澤化、地面沉降和防治植被破壞、水土流失、水源枯竭、種源滅絕以及其他生態(tài)失調(diào)現(xiàn)象的發(fā)生和發(fā)展，推廣植物病蟲害的綜合防治，合理使用化肥、農(nóng)藥及植物生長激素。
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Article 20. The people's governments at various levels shall provide better protection for the agricultural environment by preventing and controlling soil pollution, the desertification and alkalization of land, the impoverishment of soil, the deterioration of land into marshes, earth subsidence, the damage of vegetation, soil erosion, the drying up of sources of water , the extinction of species and the occurence and development of other ecological imbalances, by extending the scale of a comprehensive prevention and control of plant diseases and insect pests, and by promoting a rational application of chemical fertilizers, pesticides and plant growth hormone.