第六十一條 民事行為被確認為無效或者被撤銷后，當事人因該行為取得的財產(chǎn)，應(yīng)當返還給受損失的一方。

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Article 61 After a civil act has been determined to be null and void or has been rescinded, the party who acquired property as a result of the act shall return it to the party who suffered a loss.?

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有過錯的一方應(yīng)當賠償對方因此所受的損失，對方都有過錯的，應(yīng)當各自承擔(dān)相應(yīng)的責(zé)任。

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The erring party shall compensate the other party for the losses it suffered as a result of the act; if both sides are in error, they shall each bear their proper share of the responsibility.

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雙方惡意串通，實施民事行為損害國家的、集體的或者第三人的利益的，應(yīng)當追繳雙方取得的財產(chǎn)，收歸國家、集體所有或者返還第三人。

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If the two sides have conspired maliciously and performed a civil act that is detrimental to the interests of the state, a collective or a third party, the property that they thus obtained shall be recovered and turned over to the state or the collective, or returned to the third party.

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第六十二條 民事法律行為可以附條件，附條件的民事法律行為在符合所附條件時生效。

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Article 62 A civil juristic act may have conditions attached to it. Conditional civil juristic acts shall take effect when the relevant conditions are met.

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第四章 民事法律行為和代理 第二節(jié) 代理

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Section 2 Agency

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第六十三條 公民、法人可以通過代理人實施民事法律行為。

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Article 63 Citizens and legal persons may perform civil juristic acts through agents?

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代理人在代理權(quán)限內(nèi)，以被代理人的名義實施民事法律行為。

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An agent shall perform civil juristic acts in the principal's name within the scope of the power of agency.

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被代理人對代理人的代理行為，承擔(dān)民事責(zé)任。

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?The principal shall bear civil liability for the agent's acts of agency.?

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依照法律規(guī)定或者按照雙方當事人約定，應(yīng)當由本人實施的民事法律行為，不得代理。

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Civil juristic acts that should be performed by the principal himself, pursuant to legal provisions or the agreement between the two parties, shall not be entrusted to an agent.

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第六十四條 代理包括委托代理、法定代理和指定代理。

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Article 64 Agency shall include entrusted agency, statutory agency and appointed agency.?

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委托代理人按照被代理人的委托行使代理權(quán)，法定代理人依照法律的規(guī)定行使代理權(quán)，指定代理人按照人民法院或者指定單位的指定行使代理權(quán)。

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An entrusted agent shall exercise the power of agency as entrusted by the principal; a statutory agent shall exercise the power of agency as prescribed by law; and an appointed agent shall exercise the power of agency as designated by a people's court or the appointing unit.

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第六十五條 民事法律行為的委托代理，可以用書面形式，也可以用口頭形式。

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Article 65 A civil juristic act may be entrusted to an agent in writing or orally.

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法律規(guī)定用書面形式的，應(yīng)當用書面形式。

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If legal provisions require the entrustment to be written, it shall be effected in writing.

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書面委托代理的授權(quán)委托書應(yīng)當載明代理人的姓名或者名稱、代理事項、權(quán)限和期間，并由委托人簽名或者蓋章。

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? Where the entrustment of agency is in writing, the power of attorney shall clearly state the agent's name, the entrusted tasks and the scope and duration of the power of agency, and it shall be signed or sealed by the principal.

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委托書授權(quán)不明的，被代理人應(yīng)當向第三人承擔(dān)民事責(zé)任，代理人負連帶責(zé)任。

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If the power of attorney is not clear as to the authority conferred, the principal shall bear civil liability towards the third party, and the agent shall be held jointly liable.

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第六十六條 沒有代理權(quán)、超越代理權(quán)或者代理權(quán)終止后的行為，只有經(jīng)過被代理人的追認，被代理人才承擔(dān)民事責(zé)任。

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Article 66 The principal shall bear civil liability for an act performed by an actor with no power of agency, beyond the scope of his power of agency or after his power of agency has expired, only if he recognizes the act retroactively.

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未經(jīng)追認的行為，由行為人承擔(dān)民事責(zé)任。

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?If the act is not so recognized, the performer shall bear civil liability for it.?

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本人知道他人以本人名義實施民事行為而不作否認表示的，視為同意。

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If a principal is aware that a civil act is being executed in his name but fails to repudiate it, his consent shall be deemed to have been given.

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代理人不履行職責(zé)而給被代理人造成損害的，應(yīng)當承擔(dān)民事責(zé)任。

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An agent shall bear civil liability if he fails to perform his duties and thus causes damage to the principal.

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代理人和第三人串通，損害被代理人的利益的，由代理人和第三人負連帶責(zé)任。

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If an agent and a third party in collusion harm the principal's interests, the agent and the third party shall be held jointly liable.

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第三人知道行為人沒有代理權(quán)、超越代理權(quán)或者代理權(quán)已終止還與行為人實施民事行為給他人造成損害的，由第三人和行為人負連帶責(zé)任。

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If a third party is aware that an actor has no power of agency, is overstepping his power of agency, or his power of agency has expired and yet joins him in a civil act and thus brings damage to other people, the third party and the actor shall be held jointly liable.

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第六十七條 代理人知道被委托代理的事項違法仍然進行代理活動的，或者被代理人知道代理人的代理行為違法不表示反對的，由被代理人和代理人負連帶責(zé)任。

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Article 67 If an agent is aware that the matters entrusted are illegal but still carries them out, or if a principal is aware that his agent's acts are illegal but fails to object to them, the principal and the agent shall be held jointly liable.

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第六十八條 委托代理人為被代理人的利益需要轉(zhuǎn)托他人代理的，應(yīng)當事先取得被代理人的同意。

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Article 68 If in the principal's interests an entrusted agent needs to transfer the agency to another person, he shall first obtain the principal's consent.

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事先沒有取得被代理人同意的，應(yīng)當在事后及時告訴被代理人，如果被代理人不同意，由代理人對自己所轉(zhuǎn)托的人的行為負民事責(zé)任，但在緊急情況下，為了保護被代理人的利益而轉(zhuǎn)托他

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If the principal's consent is not obtained in advance, the matter shall be reported to him promptly after the transfer, and if the principal objects, the agent shall bear civil liability for the acts of the transferee;

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人代理的除外。

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however, an entrusted agency transferred in emergency circumstances in order to safeguard the principal's interests shall be excepted.

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第六十九條 有下列情形之一的，委托代理終止：

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Article 69 An entrusted agency shall end under any of the following circumstances:

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（一）代理期間屆滿或者代理事務(wù)完成；

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(1) when the period of agency expires or when the tasks entrusted are completed;

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（二）被代理人取消委托或者代理人辭去委托；

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(2) when the principal rescinds the entrustment or the agent declines the entrustment;

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（三）代理人死亡；

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(3) when the agent dies;

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（四）代理人喪失民事行為能力；

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(4) when the principal loses his capacity for civil conduct;?

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（五）作為被代理人或者代理人的法人終止。

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or (5) when the principal or the agent ceases to be a legal person.

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第七十條 有下列情形之一的，法定代理或者指定代理終止：

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Article 70 A statutory or appointed agency shall end under any of the following circumstances:

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（一）被代理人取得或者恢復(fù)民事行為能力；

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(1) when the principal gains or recovers capacity for civil conduct;

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（二）被代理人或者代理人死亡；

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(2) when the principal or the agent dies;

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（三）代理人喪失民事行為能力；

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(3) when the agent loses capacity for civil conduct;

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（四）指定代理的人民法院或者指定單位取消指定；

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(4) when the people's court or the unit that appointed the agent rescinds the appointment;

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（五）由其他原因引起的被代理人和代理人之間的監(jiān)護關(guān)系消滅。

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?or (5) when the guardian relationship between the principal and the agent ends for other reasons.

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第五章 民事權(quán)利 第一節(jié) 財產(chǎn)所有權(quán)和與財產(chǎn)所有權(quán)有關(guān)的財產(chǎn)權(quán)

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?Chapter V Civil Rights Section 1 Property Ownership and Related Property Rights

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第七十一條 財產(chǎn)所有權(quán)是指所有人依法對自己的財產(chǎn)享有占有、使用、收益和處分的權(quán)利。

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Article 71 "Property ownership" means the owner's rights to lawfully possess, utilize, profit from and dispose of his property.

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第七十二條 財產(chǎn)所有權(quán)的取得，不得違反法律規(guī)定。

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Article 72 Property ownership shall not be obtained in violation of the law.

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按照合同或者其他合法方式取得財產(chǎn)的，財產(chǎn)所有權(quán)從財產(chǎn)交付時起轉(zhuǎn)移，法律另有規(guī)定或者當事人另有約定的除外。

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Unless the law stipulates otherwise or the parties concerned have agreed on other arrangements, the ownership of property obtained by contract or by other lawful means shall be transferred simultaneously with the property itself.

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第七十三條 國家財產(chǎn)屬于全民所有。

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Article 73 State property shall be owned by the whole people.

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國家財產(chǎn)神圣不可侵犯，禁止任何組織或者個人侵占、哄搶、私分、截留、破壞。

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State property is sacred and inviolable, and no organization or individual shall be allowed to seize, encroach upon, privately divide, retain or destroy it.

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第七十四條 勞動群眾集體組織的財產(chǎn)屬于勞動群眾集體所有，包括：

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Article 74 Property of collective organizations of the working masses shall be owned collectively by the working masses. This shall include:

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（一）法律規(guī)定為集體所有的土地和森林、山嶺、草原、荒地、灘涂等；

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(1) land, forests, mountains, grasslands, unreclaimed land, beaches and other areas that are stipulated by law to be under collective ownership;

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（二）集體經(jīng)濟組織的財產(chǎn)；

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(2) property of collective economic organizations;

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（三）集體所有的建筑物、水庫、農(nóng)田水利設(shè)施和教育、科學(xué)、文化、衛(wèi)生、體育等設(shè)施；

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(3) collectively owned buildings, reservoirs, farm irrigation facilities and educational, scientific, cultural, health, sports and other facilities;?

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（四）集體所有的其他財產(chǎn)。

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and (4) other property that is collectively owned.

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集體所有的土地依照法律屬于村農(nóng)民集體所有，由村農(nóng)業(yè)生產(chǎn)合作社等農(nóng)業(yè)集體經(jīng)濟組織或者村民委員會經(jīng)營、管理。

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Collectively owned land shall be owned collectively by the village peasants in accordance with the law and shall be worked and managed by village agricultural production cooperatives, other collective agricultural economic organizations or villages' committees.?

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已經(jīng)屬于鄉(xiāng)（鎮(zhèn)）農(nóng)民集體經(jīng)濟組織所有的，可以屬于鄉(xiāng)（鎮(zhèn)）農(nóng)民集體所有。

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Land already under the ownership of the township (town) peasants' collective economic organizations may be collectively owned by the peasants of the township (town).?

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集體所有的財產(chǎn)受法律保護，禁止任何組織或者個人侵占、哄搶、私分、破壞或者非法查封、扣押、凍結(jié)、沒收。

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Collectively owned property shall be protected by law, and no organization or individual may seize, encroach upon, privately divide, destroy or illegally seal up, distrain, freeze or confiscate it.

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第七十五條 公民的個人財產(chǎn)，包括公民的合法收入、房屋、儲蓄、生活用品、文物、圖書資料、林木、牲畜和法律允許公民所有的生產(chǎn)資料以及其他合法財產(chǎn)。

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Article 75 A citizen's personal property shall include his lawfully earned income, housing, savings, articles for daily use, objects d'art, books, reference materials, trees, livestock, as well as means of production the law permits a citizen to possess and other lawful property.?

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公民的合法財產(chǎn)受法律保護，禁止任何組織或者個人侵占、哄搶、破壞或者非法查封、扣押、凍結(jié)、沒收。

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A citizen's lawful property shall be protected by law, and no organization or individual may appropriate, encroach upon, destroy or illegally seal up, distrain, freeze or confiscate it.

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第七十六條 公民依法享有財產(chǎn)繼承權(quán)。

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Article 76 Citizens shall have the right of inheritance under the law.

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第七十七條 社會團體包括宗教團體的合法財產(chǎn)受法律保護。

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Article 77 The lawful property of social organizations, including religious organizations, shall be protected by law.

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第七十八條 財產(chǎn)可以由兩個以上的公民、法人共有。

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Article 78 Property may be owned jointly by two or more citizens or legal persons.

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共有分為按份共有和共同共有。按份共有人按照各自的份額，對共有財產(chǎn)分享權(quán)利，分擔(dān)義務(wù)。共同共有人對共有財產(chǎn)享有權(quán)利，承擔(dān)義務(wù)。

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There shall be two kinds of joint ownership, namely co-ownership by shares and common ownership. Each of the co-owners by shares shall enjoy the rights and assume the obligations respecting the joint property in proportion to his share. Each of the common owners shall enjoy the rights and assume the obligations respecting the joint property.?

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按份共有財產(chǎn)的每個共有人有權(quán)要求將自己的份額分出或者轉(zhuǎn)讓。

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Each co-owner by shares shall have the right to withdraw his own share of the joint property or transfer its ownership.?

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但在出售時，其他共有人在同等條件下，有優(yōu)先購買的權(quán)利。

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However, when he offers to sell his share, the other co-owners shall have a right of pre-emption if all other conditions are equal.

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第七十九條 所有人不明的埋藏物、隱藏物，歸國家所有。接收單位應(yīng)當對上繳的單位或者個人，給予表揚或者物質(zhì)獎勵。

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Article 79 If the owner of a buried or concealed object is unknown, the object shall belong to the state. The unit that receives the object shall commend or give a material reward to the unit or individual that turns in the object.

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拾得遺失物、漂流物或者失散的飼養(yǎng)動物，應(yīng)當歸還失主，因此而支出的費用由失主償還。

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Lost-and-found objects, flotsam and stray animals shall be returned to their rightful owners, and any costs thus incurred shall be reimbursed by the owners.

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第八十條 國家所有的土地，可以依法由全民所有制單位使用，也可以依法確定由集體所有制單位使用，國家保護它的使用、收益的權(quán)利；使用單位有管理、保護、合理利用的義務(wù)。

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Article 80 State-owned land may be used according to law by units under ownership by the whole people; it may also be lawfully assigned for use by units under collective ownership. The state shall protect the usufruct of the land, and the usufructuary shall be obligated to manage, protect and properly use the land.

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公民、集體依法對集體所有的或者國家所有由集體使用的土地的承包經(jīng)營權(quán)，受法律保護。

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The right of citizens and collectives to contract for management of land under collective ownership or of state-owned land under collective use shall be protected by law.?

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承包雙方的權(quán)利和義務(wù)，依照法律由承包合同規(guī)定。

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The rights and obligations of the two contracting parties shall be stipulated in the contract signed in accordance with the law.

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土地不得買賣、出租、抵押或者以其他形式非法轉(zhuǎn)讓。

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Land may not be sold, leased, mortgaged or illegally transferred by any other means.