如何在90天內學會一門語言?
作者:raystar 譯
來源:zenhabits
2022-11-03 19:13
The 90 Day Plan to Learning a Language
學會一門語言的90天計劃
It’s possible to achieve fluency, or at least a high speaking level, in just 90 days, but it requires intense focus.
在90天內達到流利、至少是較高的口語標準是可能的,但是要求高度集中的練習。
If you don’t have the freedom to focus fulltime on learning a language, that’s okay, but the process will take longer than 90 days. Just make sure that you continue to practice every day, or else you’ll lose your knowledge rapidly.
如果你可以自由支配的時間還不允許你完全專注于學習一門語言,也沒關系,但學習過程會長于90天。你只需要保證每天都持續(xù)練習,否則你會很快忘記你所學的內容。
Days 1-30
第1-30天
The first thirty days are critical to learning a new language. You need to immerse yourself as fully as possible.
最初的30天對于學習一門新的語言非常關鍵。你需要盡可能地完全投入到學習中去。
I highly recommend moving to a country where the language is spoken if you want to learn a language in 90 days. This will help you get into the language learning mindset, and will allow you to surround yourself with the new language. If you are able to move to a new country, try to live with a host family. You’ll learn a lot by eating meals with a family that hosts you.
如果你想在90天內學會一門語言,我強烈建議你搬去說那個語言的國家。這會有助于你進入語言學習的狀態(tài),讓你被這門新的語言所包圍。如果你能搬去一個新的國家,試著住進一個寄宿家庭。你和這家人一起吃飯時就可以學到很多。
In any case, during the first month, work one on one with a private tutor—not group classes. Group classes allow you to sit back and be lazy, while a private tutor forces you to learn.
無論如何,在第一個月,和私人教師一起一步步學習,不要去集體課堂。集體課堂會讓你坐在后排偷懶,而私人教師會強迫你學習。
This is important: you must be an active learner. Most people allow themselves to be taught to, but you have to take an active role in asking questions.
還有一點很重要:你必須做一個積極的學習者。大多數(shù)人在被動接受,而你必須提出問題,扮演主動的角色。
You’re going to start encountering a lot of words and phrases that you don’t know, both with your private tutor, and when you practice languages on your own. Enter these words in your memorization software.
在和私人教師學習或者自己練習的時候,你都會開始遇到很多不認識的單詞和詞組。把這些詞匯輸入你的記憶軟件。
You want to start memorizing 30 words and phrases per day. Why 30? Because in 90 days, you’ll have learned 80% of the language.
你可以開始嘗試每天記憶30個單詞和詞組。為什么是30個呢?因為在90天內,你將會掌握這門語言的80%。
As you can see, you need to learn around 3000 to hit 80% of the words … probably enough before you can start learning words easily by context. At 30 words/day, you’ll have learned almost 3000 in 90 days.
想要學會一門語言,你需要學習大約3000個單詞來掌握80%的詞匯,這應該已經(jīng)足夠讓你可以根據(jù)上下文就容易地猜出詞義了。保持每天30個詞的速度,90天內你差不多可以記住3000個詞。
Days 31-60
第31-60天
After your first month, it’s time to focus on exposing yourself to the language as much as possible. After a month of private tutoring, you’ll have the ability to have basic conversations.
第一個月結束后,應該盡可能地讓自己專注于使用這門語言。一個月的私人教學后,你應該具備進行基礎會話的能力。
If your private tutor is getting expensive, you might consider doing advanced group classes at this point—it’ll save you money and give you access to other friends who are learning the language. Just be careful of speaking only in English. Try to make it a rule to speak in the new language as much as possible. Continue with your private tutor, if possible.
如果請私人教師的費用太高,你也許可以考慮參加高級教學班。這可以幫你省錢,也讓你有機會認識和你一樣在學習這門語言的人。不過要注意,不要只用母語溝通。試著定一條規(guī)矩,盡可能地只用這門新的語言說話。如果可能的話繼續(xù)聘請私人教師。
Now is the time to start finding language partners. Attempt to spend a few hours everyday practicing your language. At this point, because you have a basic grasp of the language, it shouldn’t be a chore—you are basically spending time socializing with new friends.
此時可以開始找語言學習搭檔了。試著每天花幾個小時練習這門語言。因為你已經(jīng)掌握了這門語言的基礎,應該不會覺得太困難,你可以花一些時間和新朋友進行基本的社交。
Try reading simple books in your target language and underlining words that you don’t know. You can add these to your memorization app.
試著讀一些用該門語言寫成的簡單的書,把不懂的詞劃出來,然后添加到你的記憶應用程序里去。
You should start trying to think in the new language. Every time you try to express a thought to yourself, but can’t remember the word, write it down in your memorization software. Continue learning 30 words and phrases per day.
你應該試著開始用這門新的語言進行思考。每當你試著自我表達一種想法,卻不記得某個單詞時,把這個詞添加到記憶軟件里。繼續(xù)保持每天學習30個單詞和詞組。
Days 61-90
第61-90天
By day 60, you should be in a good position to speak the language. You just simply need to keep practicing. Have deeper conversations with your language partners. Try to go out with them as much as possible—I’ve even found that a moderate amount of alcohol helps significantly with language practice.
到了第60天,你的口語應該不錯了。你只是需要保持練習。和你的搭檔進行一些更深入的對話。盡可能多和他們外出,我甚至發(fā)現(xiàn)適量飲酒對語言練習有明顯的幫助。
Continue studying 30 words a day and practicing the ones you’ve already learned, and you’ll be approaching the 3000 word mark—enough to speak a language close to fluently.
繼續(xù)每天學習30個單詞,練習那些你已經(jīng)學過的,你已經(jīng)接近3000大關,這已經(jīng)足夠讓你近乎流利地用這門語言說話了。
By now, you can start watching TV and reading books in your target language. Rent some DVDs in the foreign language and try to follow along. If you need to, turn on the subtitles. Don’t worry if you have trouble, because understanding film is a lot more difficult than having a one-on-one conversation.
現(xiàn)在你可以開始用這門語言看電視和讀書。借一些外語的DVD試著跟上它的節(jié)奏。如果需要,可以打開字幕。如果理解有困難也別灰心,因為看懂一部電影比面對面的對話要難多了。
Keep on working on the language for several hours per day, and by the end of the month, you’ll find that you have a good grasp on the language. It’s pretty amazing what you can do in just 90 days with intense focus.
保持每天花幾個小時使用這門語言,到這個月底,你會發(fā)現(xiàn)已經(jīng)很好地掌握了它。保持高度集中,你可以在短短90天內做到如此不可思議的事情。
Conclusion
總結
Congratulations! You’ve done it–you’ve learned a language in just 90 days. The best part is that you’ll find it much faster to learn your next language. You’ve done the hard part–learning how to learn a language.
恭喜你!你做到了!你在短短90天內學會了一門語言。最棒的是你會發(fā)現(xiàn)學習下一門語言時會更快。你已經(jīng)完成了最難的部分,那就是學會如何學習一門語言。
You’ve unlocked a new skill. Language learning is about building a new habit—the habit of thinking and speaking in a new language. And once you perfect a single language, you’ve laid the foundation for doing even more.
你已經(jīng)掌握了一門新的技術。語言學習就是建立一種新的習慣,一種用一門新的語言思考和說話的習慣。一旦你完美掌握了一門語言,你已經(jīng)為學習更多的語言打下了基礎。
Imagine, the next time you meet a waiter or tourist from Italy or Mexico or Greece, you could start talking, tell a joke, and—if you can remember the punchline in time—get to experience the elation of making someone laugh in their own language.
想象一下,下次當你遇見一個來自意大利或者墨西哥或者希臘的服務生或者游客,你可以和他聊天,講笑話(如果你能及時想得起那個笑料的話),然后體會一下用別人的母語逗他們大笑的那種得意勁吧。
聲明:本雙語文章的中文翻譯系滬江英語原創(chuàng)內容,轉載請注明出處。中文翻譯僅代表譯者個人觀點,僅供參考。如有不妥之處,歡迎指正。