國際人權(quán)事業(yè)需平等交流

Global Human Rights Development Demands Equal Exchanges

鐘聲

Zhong Sheng

今年12月10日是第六十八個世界人權(quán)日，提醒人們深入觀察國際人權(quán)事業(yè)發(fā)展。實現(xiàn)人民充分享有人權(quán)是人類社會的共同奮斗目標(biāo)。為了這一共同目標(biāo)，加強(qiáng)不同文明交流互鑒、促進(jìn)各國人權(quán)交流合作，形成健康有效的全球人權(quán)治理格局，能夠有利于實現(xiàn)國際人權(quán)事業(yè)更好發(fā)展。

December 10 marks the 68th International Human Rights Day, a day that reminds us to respect the course of human rights undertakings.

Mankind shares a common goal to enjoy human rights. To realize this objective, the world should boost exchanges of diversified civilizations, bolster collaboration on human rights and build a healthy and effective governance system, so that international human rights undertakings can progress in a smooth way.

值得深思的是，當(dāng)下的國際人權(quán)交流還遠(yuǎn)遠(yuǎn)不是其應(yīng)有的樣貌。特別是西方一些人，根本沒有把全球近8億人每天面臨饑餓威脅的“人權(quán)困境”放在眼里，根本沒有把難民危機(jī)、恐怖主義、排外情緒、種族主義等問題的人權(quán)屬性當(dāng)回事。他們自詡為“人權(quán)教師爺”，在國際關(guān)系領(lǐng)域玩弄人權(quán)政治，奉行雙重標(biāo)準(zhǔn)，頻頻借人權(quán)問題干涉別國內(nèi)政。

Meanwhile, current international exchanges on human rights are far from ideal. Some Westerners, in particular, have turned a blind eye to the 800 million people who are still suffering from hunger around the globe, and have not paid serious attention to the issues of refugee crisis, terrorism, xenophobia and racism. But all these predicaments come down to human rights challenges.

They, though dubbing themselves as “l(fā)ecturers in human rights,” in fact resort to it as a tool to play politics, adopt double standards and interfere in the domestic affairs of other countries by using human rights as an excuse.

西方國家的人權(quán)話語壟斷是完全經(jīng)不起推敲的。著名學(xué)者佩里·安德森不久前指出：“（當(dāng)前國際）人權(quán)話語宛如19世紀(jì)‘文明標(biāo)準(zhǔn)’的當(dāng)代翻版?！?9世紀(jì)末，歐洲國際法學(xué)家明確以歐洲“文明”來衡量世界各國，將各國劃分為“文明”“野蠻”和“蒙昧”等類別。盡管歷史已經(jīng)證明這種文明觀的荒謬與非正義，但時至今天，西方一些人還是沒有弄明白，他們的人權(quán)“等級觀”和“優(yōu)越感”，本身就是落后和蒙昧。

The West has no grounds to monopolize the rights of speech in terms of human rights. Scholar Perry Anderson said in a recent commentary that the human rights discourse in today’s world is a contemporary version of the “civilization standards” of the 19th century.

Back at the end of the 19th century, European jurists pigeonholed countries as “civilized,” “barbaric” and “savage” by comparing them with a “European standard,” but history has proven that such logic is absurd and unjust.

However, some Westerners, up to now, failed to realize that their so-called “superiority” and “classification” are the best evidence of their barbarism.

西方把自己想象為“人權(quán)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)化身”，卻經(jīng)不起事實檢驗。僅在過去這一年，西方國家內(nèi)部各領(lǐng)域頻發(fā)的深層次問題，就大大暴露了人權(quán)短板。種族沖突、槍支泛濫問題繼續(xù)撕扯美國民意，難民危機(jī)拷問歐洲良心，社會價值失范、貧富不均等問題加劇，“選票民主”的體制性弊端在一場場公投、選舉中盡顯無遺，反主流、反建制思潮愈演愈烈。迭出的亂象，引起世界的警醒。

The Western world imagined itself as a “standard of human rights,” but failed to withstand the test. All kinds of deep-rooted plights they encountered in the past year have exposed their shortcomings. Racial conflicts and uncontrolled use of firearms have split the US public, while the refugee crisis is torturing the conscience of Europe.

Because of these twisted social values, widening disparity between the rich and the poor and other escalated challenges, the public are increasing their hatred toward the mainstream, establishment and politics after a host of elections have brought institutional flaws in the “voting democracy” of Western countries to light. The world is now alert to its emerging chaos.

頗為蹊蹺的是，每每有嚴(yán)重問題在西方社會出現(xiàn)時，其主流話語卻拼盡一切可能去放大乃至無中生有制造別國的問題。他們對自己的問題視而不見，卻還說什么“這為莫斯科、北京提供了宣傳機(jī)會”，走進(jìn)“無理攪三分”的死胡同。

What is ridiculous is that any time Western countries met with a predicament, their mainstream voice will exaggerate or make up some questions of other nations. They are now in dead ends that always blame others like Moscow and Beijing, but ignore their own flaws.

“橘生淮南則為橘，生于淮北則為枳?！笔澜缟蠜]有放之四海而皆準(zhǔn)的人權(quán)發(fā)展道路，人權(quán)保障沒有最好，只有更好。這是一個樸素而又深刻的道理。

In terms of international human rights, it means that there is no “one-size-fits-all” path in the world. What the world can do is to pursue a “no best, but better” protection of human rights.

世界不乏教訓(xùn)。不顧自身國情、全盤照搬別國發(fā)展道路，導(dǎo)致水土不服，引發(fā)社會劇烈動蕩的例子讓人痛心。其結(jié)果是，人的生存權(quán)、發(fā)展權(quán)都無從談起，更不要說什么政治權(quán)利了。

The world has learned not a few lessons caused by copying other development models regardless of the reality. In those harrowing cases, social unrest was triggered because the borrowed system cannot acclimatize to national conditions. The involved nations, as a result, failed to secure their people with the right to survive and develop, not to mention political rights.

世界也不乏成功經(jīng)驗的積累。國際社會普遍承認(rèn)，中國堅持把人權(quán)的普遍性原則同中國實際相結(jié)合，不斷推動經(jīng)濟(jì)社會發(fā)展，增進(jìn)人民福祉，促進(jìn)社會公平正義，加強(qiáng)人權(quán)法治保障，努力促進(jìn)經(jīng)濟(jì)、社會、文化權(quán)利和公民、政治權(quán)利全面協(xié)調(diào)發(fā)展，顯著提高了人民生存權(quán)、發(fā)展權(quán)的保障水平，走出了一條適合中國國情的人權(quán)發(fā)展道路。

But there are indeed a number of successful cases. The international community recognized that by combining the universal principle with the Chinese reality, China has boosted its economic and social progress, improved its people’s livelihoods, bolstered social justice, optimized protection of law-based human rights, pursued economic, social and cultural rights as well as civic and political rights in parallel, and significantly strengthened protection of people’s rights to survive and develop, thus finding out a unique path suitable to China’s conditions.

人權(quán)事業(yè)發(fā)展需要良好的國際環(huán)境。尊重各國自主選擇的人權(quán)發(fā)展道路，尊重各國價值觀、歷史文化傳統(tǒng)和政治制度，并在此基礎(chǔ)上展開平等對話與合作，交流互鑒，才是各國在人權(quán)事業(yè)上實現(xiàn)共同進(jìn)步之道。

Human rights undertakings require a sound international environment. All countries can only seek shared progress by launching equal-footed dialogues, cooperation and exchanges based on respect to each other’s development path, social value, historical and cultural traditions, as well as political systems.