背影The Sight of Father’s Back
朱自清Zhu Ziqing
| 譯文摘自張培基《英譯中國散文選一》
他囑我路上小心，夜里要警醒些，不要受涼。又囑托茶房好好照應我。我心里暗笑他的迂；他們只認得錢，托他們直是白托!而且我這樣大年紀的人，難道還不能料理自己嗎?唉，我現(xiàn)在想想，那時真是太聰明了!
He told me to be watchful on the way and be careful not to catch cold at night. He also asked the train attendants to take good care of me. I sniggered at father for being so impractical, for it was utterly useless to entrust me to those attendants, who cared for nothing but money. Besides, it was certainly no problem for a person of my age to look after himself. Oh, when I come to think of it, I can see how smarty I was in those days!
要點：
1、 snigger是前面提到的表示“笑“的小詞，表”竊笑，暗笑“，小詞小詞小詞~重要事情說三遍！
2、 “迂“在這里譯作”不切實際“或”沒有見識“解，譯為“impractical”
3、 “那時真是太聰明了”也是反語，譯為how smarty I was in those days ,smarty和前文的smart aleck 童鞋是一個意思=“自作聰明的人“，文學翻譯的語氣很重要，所以積累單詞時，褒貶意也要多多注意
綜述：此段注意“迂”和“聰明”的翻譯，前者要深刻理解含義，后者深刻理解其語氣~
我說道，“爸爸，你走吧?！彼囃饪戳丝?，說，“我買幾個橘子去。你就在此地，不要走動?！蔽铱茨沁呍屡_的柵欄外有幾個賣東西的的等著顧客。走到那邊月臺，須穿過鐵道，須跳下去又爬上去。父親是一個胖子，走過去自然要費些事。我本來要去的，他不肯，只好讓他去。我看見他戴著黑布小帽。穿著黑布大馬褂，深青布棉袍，蹣跚在走到鐵道邊，慢慢探身下去，尚不大難?？墒撬┻^鐵道，要爬上那邊月臺，就不容易了。他用兩手攀著上面，兩腳再向上縮；他肥胖的身子向左微傾，顯出努力的樣子。這時我看見他的的背影，我眼淚很快地流下來了。我趕緊拭干了淚，怕他看見，也怕別人看見。我再向外看時，他已抱了朱紅的橘子往回走了。
I said, “Dad, you might leave now.” But he looked out of window and said, “I’m going to buy you some tangerines. You just stay here. Don’t move around.” I caught sight of several vendors waiting for customers outside the railings beyond a platform. But to reach that platform would require crossing the railway track and doing some climbing up and down. That would be a strenuous job for father, who was fat. I wanted to do all that myself, but he stopped me, so I could do nothing but let him go. I watched him hobble towards the railway track in his black skullcap, black cloth mandarin jacket and dark blue cotton-padded cloth long gown. He had little trouble climbing down the railway track, but it was a lot more difficult for him to climb up that platform after crossing the railway track. His hands held onto the upper part of the platform, his legs huddled up and his corpulent body tipped slightly towards the left, obviously making an enormous exertion. While I was watching him from behind, tears gushed from my eyes. I quickly wiped them away lest he or others should catch me crying. The next moment when I looked out of the window again, father was already on the way back, holding bright red tangerines in both hands.
要點：
1、 sight在文中出現(xiàn)多次，它本身也是多義詞，也是第一次就是在題目上“the sight of”,此外還有”catch sight of(看見)”“go out of sight(在視線內消失)” ”lose sight of(看不到，忘記) “等，是替換see, look的常用詞哦
2、 “走到那邊月臺，須穿過鐵道，須跳下去又爬上去?！坝质俏覀兪煜さ亩鄤釉~句，前兩個直接順譯下來，”跳下去又爬上去”譯為do some climbing up and down,（此處“跳下去”的本質也是“爬下去”）簡潔明了，動作感強。
3、 “尚不大難”中的“尚”是“尚且”，有著轉折的含義
4、Huddle意為“蜷縮，擠成一團”如The boys huddle together under the rock to keep warm. 男孩們縮成一團在石頭底下取暖。Huddle up=”向上縮“
5、“他用兩手攀著上面，兩腳再向上縮；他肥胖的身子向左微傾，顯出努力的樣子?！拔覀冎饕治鲆幌?，譯者對于小詞的使用，huddle前面已經說過，用得十分形象。Corpulent 意為”肥胖的，肥大的“，此外還有chubby(豐滿的) tubby（矮胖的）,plump（微胖的）,來表示不同程度的”胖“（真的不想提到這個話題好嗎(⊙﹏⊙)b），這再一次提醒我們文學翻譯對于詞匯要求的具體性，不要只記“fat”了！
6、Gush(噴涌) 和wipe（擦拭）~都要記起來，再說一遍，文學翻譯的難度之一就是用詞的準確性
7、Lest意為“免得，以免”，引導目的狀語從句，句中用“should（可?。?+動原”如He took his raincoat with him lest it should rain.
他帶了雨衣，怕下雨。
同樣的，還有for fear that, in case等
綜述：本段一定要注意文學翻譯中用詞的準確性和句式的靈活性
過鐵道時，他先將橘子散放在地上，自己慢慢爬下，再抱起橘子走。到這邊時，我趕緊去攙他。他和我走到車上，將橘子一股腦兒放在我的皮大衣上。于是撲撲衣上泥土，心里很輕松似的，過了一會說，“我走了；到那邊來信!”我望著他走出去。他走了幾步，回過頭看見我，說，“進去吧，里邊沒人。”等他的背影混入來來往往的人里，再找不著了，我便進來坐下，我的眼淚又來了。
In crossing the railway track, he first put the tangerines on the ground, climbed down slowly and then picked them up again. When he came near the train, I hurried out to help him by the hand. After boarding the train with me, he laid all the tangerines on my overcoat, and patting the dirt off his clothes, he looked somewhat relieved and said after a while, “I must be going now. Don’t forget to write me from Beijing!” I gazed after his back retreating out of the carriage. After a few steps, he looked back at me and said, “Go back to your seat. Don’t leave your things alone.” I, however, did not go back to my seat until his figure was lost among crowds of people hurrying to and fro and no longer visible. My eyes were again wet with tears.
要點：
1、“攙”這個動詞并不好翻，遇到不會翻的動詞，可以選擇用描述這個動作的方法來翻譯，此處譯為help sb by the hand
2、”怕掉身上的土“=pat the dirt off
3、“里面沒人”不宜按字面直譯，挖掘深層含義=“沒有人照看行李“此處采用了leave alone的句式
4、“來來往往的人“=people hurrying to and fro
綜述：本段還是有很多用法精確的詞，要注意積累。
近幾年來，父親和我都是東奔西走，家中的光景是一日不如一日。他少年出外謀生，獨力支持，做了許多大事。那知老境卻如此頹唐!他觸目傷懷，自然不能自己。情郁于中，自然要發(fā)之于外；家庭瑣屑便往往觸他之怒。他待我漸漸不同往日。但最近兩年的不見，他終于忘卻我的不好，只是惦記著我，惦記著我的兒子。我北來后，他寫了一信給我，信中說道，“我身體平安，惟膀子疼痛利害，舉箸提筆，諸多不便，大約大去之期不遠矣?！蔽易x到此處，在晶瑩的淚光中，又看見那肥胖的，青布馬褂的背影。唉!我不知何時再能與他相見！
In recent years, both father and I have been living an unsettled life, and the circumstances of our family going from bad to worse. Father left home to seek a livelihood when young and did achieve quite a few things all on his own. To think that he should now be so downcast in old age! The discouraging state of affairs filled him with an uncontrollable feeling of deep sorrow, and his pent-up emotion had to find a vent. That is why even mere domestic trivialities would often make him angry, and meanwhile he became less and less nice with me. However, the separation of the last two years has made him more forgiving towards me. He keeps thinking about me and my son. After I arrived in Beijing, he wrote me a letter, in which he says. “I’m all right except for a severe pain in my arm. I even have trouble using chopsticks or writing brushes. Perhaps it won’t be long now before I depart this life.” Through the glistening tears which these words had brought to my eyes I again saw the back of father’s corpulent form in the dark blue cotton-padded cloth long gown and the black cloth mandarin jacket. Oh, how I long to see him again.
要點：
1、“父親和我都是東奔西走“之前提到過”東奔西走“可以譯為 going here and there,但是此處的意思是”過著不穩(wěn)定的生活”
2、“一日不如一日，每況愈下”=going from bad to worse
3、” 他少年出外謀生,獨立支持，做了許多大事.”可以串進一個句子里，將“獨立支持”作為狀語，此外，“做了許多大事“可以按”小有成就“來譯
4、“頹唐“可譯為downcast ,downhearted, dejected.
5、“他觸目傷懷，自然不能自己”意即“他看到家庭敗落，情不自禁為之悲傷“，譯為”The discouraging state of affairs filled him with an uncontrollable feeling of deep sorrow“，在這里我們又見到了一個表示”使某人感到…”的句式，即fill sb with a feeling of,
在這里我們可以隨手做一個小小的總結：generate in sb a feeling/sensation of ;inspire sb by (使某人振奮)；give sb great pleasure(使某人感到愉悅)
平時多做這樣的總結，慢慢水平就會提升
6、pent up意為”壓抑的，積壓的，難以抒懷的“，其他的小伙伴還有“repressed ,constrained ,restrained, curbed”
7、” 他待我漸漸不同往日“意即“他待我漸漸不如過去（那么好）”
8、”我讀到此處，在晶瑩的淚光中…”我們看到這個句子第一反應肯定是“when I…”而張爺爺對于此句的處理值得借鑒，調整語序，將”在晶瑩的淚光中“譯為介詞短語放在最前面，既避免了合譯之后句子前后不平衡，也避免了分譯，使譯文句子不至于太過瑣碎~看來大師很懂得調和~
綜述：有時一些作品里的中文語言太過含蓄，英譯時一定要把深層意思表達出來，當然前提是根據(jù)已有知識和上下文，不能妄加揣測
聲明：本雙語文章的中文評析系滬江英語原創(chuàng)內容，轉載請注明出處。中文評析僅代表作者個人觀點，僅供參考。如有不妥之處，歡迎指正。
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