非公有制經(jīng)濟是我國經(jīng)濟的重要組成部分。
The non-public sector is an important component of China’s economy.

前面用 sector，一個是換個新鮮詞，顯得不那么呆板，再就是避免 economy ··· is economy 這種重復(fù)。有些地方可能翻譯為 non-public economies，還有的叫 non-public-owned economy，其實并不太統(tǒng)一?？傮w來看，政府工作報告的這種譯法比較簡單，也值得借鑒。

中譯英很多地方都是超簡化，避免給自己添麻煩。這也有點兒像為人處世，能簡化的事情都拋掉才能更有效率。

必須毫不動搖鼓勵、支持、引導(dǎo)非公有制經(jīng)濟發(fā)展，注重發(fā)揮企業(yè)家才能，全面落實促進民營經(jīng)濟發(fā)展的政策措施，增強各類所有制經(jīng)濟活力，讓各類企業(yè)法人財產(chǎn)權(quán)依法得到保護。
We will remain firmly committed to encouraging, supporting, and guiding the development of this sector, work to enable entrepreneurs to give full expression to their talent, put into effect all policies and measures encouraging the development of the private sector, strengthen the vitality of enterprises under all types of ownership, and protect the property rights of all types of enterprise-legal persons in accordance with the law.

“必須毫不動搖鼓勵、支持、引導(dǎo)非公有制經(jīng)濟發(fā)展”，這里非公有制經(jīng)濟又重復(fù)了，所以譯文 用了 this sector 來替代，類似前面的 their。后面還有用 such 的。

發(fā)揮 give full expression to
落實 put into effect
各類所有制經(jīng)濟 enterprises under all types of ownership
財產(chǎn)權(quán) the property rights
企業(yè)法人 enterprise-legal persons

毫不動搖這詞也是很眼熟，另一處譯法是 be adamant in
我們必須毫不動搖堅持以經(jīng)濟建設(shè)為中心
We must be adamant in pursuing economic development as our central task

讓·····得到保護，增強····活力，有很多類似的中文表達，其實很繁瑣，譯成英文往往就是一個詞，比如 protect，invigorate。

有工作經(jīng)驗的人都知道，有很多文書工作基本技能就是湊字數(shù)，一句話翻來覆去說，這種技能其實也是考試必備。翻譯的時候還是要盡量簡潔。

繼續(xù)推進科技、教育、文化、醫(yī)藥衛(wèi)生、養(yǎng)老保險、事業(yè)單位、住房公積金等領(lǐng)域改革。
We will continue to push ahead with reforms in science, technology, education, culture, medical and health care, pensions, public institutions, and the housing provident fund.

事業(yè)單位：public institutions
住房公積金：public provident fund

關(guān)于事業(yè)單位有很多討論，一般來說 public institutions 也算常用的?！靶g(shù)語的完全對等很困難，有時候我們被迫賦予一些詞匯新的含義以使其對應(yīng)源語詞匯包含的語義”

Provident /?pr?v?d?nt/ providing for future needs
滿足未來需求的; 公積的

發(fā)展需要改革添動力，群眾期盼改革出實效，我們要努力交出一份為發(fā)展加力、讓人民受益的改革答卷。
Development needs to be driven by reform, and the people are expecting the real benefits reform delivers. We must work hard to make sure that reform boosts development and benefits our people.

前面說中譯英需要簡化，不只是在意思上“打折扣”，更關(guān)鍵是句型上。比如“發(fā)展需要改革添動力”，譯文句型就比較簡單。

開放也是改革。必須實施新一輪高水平對外開放，加快構(gòu)建開放型經(jīng)濟新體制，以開放的主動贏得發(fā)展的主動、國際競爭的主動。
Opening up is itself a reform. We must carry out a new round of high-quality opening up, move more swiftly in building a new open economy, and maintain momentum in development and in international competition by pressing ahead with opening up.

這段后半部分并不是緊跟著原文來的，這點也是很多時候看中譯英費解的地方。官方譯文或者參考答案經(jīng)常會有這種感覺跑偏的譯法，其實并不一定要嚴格遵循，因為從應(yīng)試的角度，有一定風(fēng)險。忠實原文和自由發(fā)揮之間的度并不好掌握。

另一種情況是，原文寫得太文藝，太文雅，例如以前工作中遇到的“黃河金線串玉珠”，這就很難規(guī)規(guī)矩矩地翻譯，只能想辦法模糊處理。

推動外貿(mào)轉(zhuǎn)型升級。完善出口退稅負擔機制，增量部分由中央財政全額負擔，讓地方和企業(yè)吃上“定心丸”。
We will transform and upgrade China’s foreign trade. We will improve the mechanism for sharing the cost of export tax rebates between the central and local governments with the central government paying all this year’s increase over last year for the benefit of local governments and exporting enterprises.

增量 increase （名詞用法）
由中央財政全額負擔 the central government paying all ···

清理規(guī)范進出口環(huán)節(jié)收費，建立并公開收費項目清單。
We will overhaul and regulate charges for imports and exports, and establish and release a complete list of such charges.

清理規(guī)范 overhaul and regulate
建立并公開 establish and release
清單 list

實施培育外貿(mào)競爭新優(yōu)勢的政策措施，促進加工貿(mào)易轉(zhuǎn)型，發(fā)展外貿(mào)綜合服務(wù)平臺和市場采購貿(mào)易，擴大跨境電子商務(wù)綜合試點，增加服務(wù)外包示范城市數(shù)量，提高服務(wù)貿(mào)易比重。
We will implement policies and measures to enable China’s foreign trade to develop new competitive edges, facilitate the transformation of processing trade, develop market purchase trade and a comprehensive service platform for foreign trade, expand comprehensive trials in cross-border e-commerce, turn more cities into trendsetters in undertaking services outsourced by other countries, and increase the share of service trade in China’s foreign trade.

培育外貿(mào)競爭新優(yōu)勢的政策措施：偏正短語英譯中的 to 類型
policies and measures to enable China’s foreign trade to develop new competitive edges

培育競爭新優(yōu)勢 develop new competitive edges
促進 facilitate
加工貿(mào)易 processing trade

A trendsetter is a person or institution that starts a new fashion or trend. 引領(lǐng)潮流的人; 引領(lǐng)潮流的機構(gòu)

提高······比重 increase the share of ···

實施更加積極的進口政策，擴大先進技術(shù)、關(guān)鍵設(shè)備、重要零部件等進口。
We will adopt a more active import policy to increase the import of advanced technology, key equipment, and important parts and components.

零部件 parts and components

這句中的擴大，翻譯成了 increase，也是提供了一種思路。不好翻譯的詞句，有時候可以找同義詞、近義詞，往往可以向更簡單的方向轉(zhuǎn)化。
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